1. EVOLUTION of the THEORY OF EVOLUTION

4. He believed that: Populations can grow geometrically Resources increase slowly or not at all Predictions guided Darwin formulation of the Theory of Natural Selection

5. Born: August 1, 1744 Died: Dec 28, 1829 Jesuit seminary at Amiens 1756 French Army in Germany 1761 Left the army and studied Medicine and botany Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

6. Published: Flore Fracaise in 1778 Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans vertebres 1815, 1822 Coined the term INVERTEBRATES MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS Important: Proposed modern species had descended from other species: Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Theory of Use and Disuse Physiological needs drive Lamarckan Evolution Important: Proposed modern species had descended from other species: Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Theory of Use and Disuse Physiological needs drive Lamarckan Evolution

8. Born: Aug 23, 1769 Worked as a: Tutor, professor of animal history, inspector general of public education and state councilor Founded vertebrate paleontology Established: extinction of past life forms

9. Saw organisms as integrated wholes No part can be modified without impairing functional integration Do not believe organic evolution Mummified cats and ibises from Egypt

10. History of living organisms Recorded in layers of rocks containing fossils Classified organisms as embranchments Similarities were due to common function not common ancestry Believed that the Earth was immensely old Catastrophes caused that each one wiped out a number of species Revolutions: events with natural causes CATASTROPHISM: Through periodic revolutions or catastrophes

11. Born in 1726 Edinburgh Founder of Modern Geology

12. Earth is perpetually being formed Perceived sedimentation takes place so slowly that even the oldest rocks are made up of “materials that furnished from the ruins of former continents” Great geological cycle THEORY OF GRADUALISM Great age of the Earth: 1 st revolutionary concept from the new science of geology

13. Scottish lawyer turned geologist Published: Principles of Geology Believed Hutton’s theory of GRADUALISM CHARLES LYELL

14. Published: Principles of Geology UNIFORMITARIANISM incorporated with Hutton’s theory Slow subtle processes could cause substantial change over time natural agents now at work on and within the Earth have operated with general uniformity through immensely long periods of time

15. Austrian Biologist Father of Classical Genetics Discovered basic principles on heredity by breeding garden peas LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT LAW OF SEGREGATION

16. Born in England on February 2, 1809 Fascinated with nature as a boy Studied theology in Cambridge Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle Observed varied adaptations (Galapagos islands) ‏ Darwin’s finches: 14 species

17. MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS Read the essay of Malthus Published: Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) ‏ Believed that: Species evolved from ancestral species Natural selection as the mechanism of evolution Survival of the fittest

18. Born in England on 1823 English naturalist Henry Walter Bates: introduced Beetle collection Went to the Amazon in 1848-1852 Studied Malayan Archipelago in 1854 Collected 125 660 species for 8 years of stay

19. MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS 1858- wrote Darwin a letter Because he realized how species evolved changed because fittest individuals survived and reproduced passing their advantageous characters Both ideas were presented to the Linnaean Society

20. HUGO de Vries Believed that: Species evolve from other species through sudden large changes of character traits 1848 Born in Netherlands 1880 experiments with plants Rediscovered Mendel’s works

21. Worked with Oenothera lamarkiana (evening primrose) ‏ Theory of Mutation New species could arise in single jumps Today: nothing to do with genetic mutations Variants isolated from these plants were caused by aberrant chromosomal segregations and no to mutations

22. 1864 Born in Munich 1885 entered University of Munich (botany) ‏ Had redefined Mendel’s discovery “laws of heredity” 1900 published: G. Mendel’s Law Concerning the Behavior of the Progeny of Racial hybrids

23. Works were destroyed when Berlin was bombed in 1945 CARL CORRENS

24. 1871 Vienna Austria 1898 started doing experiments in plant breeding using peas 1900 independently derived Mendel’s laws of inheritance Improved crops using laws of heredity High yielding crops of: wheat, barley and oats

26. DDiscovered DNA: double helix structure