2. Evolution Review Game!! www.fromquarkstoquasars.com

3. Idea that life comes from nonliving things. – Ex: maggots come from rotting meat smsstem.blogspot.com

4. Abiogenesis or spontaneous generation

5. Idea that life comes from preexisting life – Ex: you come from your parents

6. Biogenesis

7. Who conducted the following experiment? 1.One set of jars with meat open 2.One set of jars with meat closed 3.Flies gathered on open meat and laid eggs 4.Maggots appeared only on open meat. www.josephmastropaolo.com

8. Francesco Redi

9. What did Redi’s experiment prove?

10. Maggots come from preexisting life smsstem.blogspot.com

11. Who conducted the following experiment? 1.Heated broth in goose neck flask 2.Let broth sit for days 3.Broth still clear 4.Broke neck off of flask 5.Broth turned cloudy with micorganisms

12. Louis Pasteur en.wikipedia.org

13. What was the conclusion of Pasteur’s experiment?

14. Biogenesis: Life comes from preexisting life

15. Any trace or remains of an organism that has been preserved by a natural process

16. Fossils www.blog.gurukpo.com

17. How are fossils used as evidence of evolution?

18. Comparing structure of fossils with present day organisms allow us to infer evolutionary relationships greaterancestors.com 2 pts

19. What type of rock are fossils found in?

20. Sedimentary www.studyofoahspe.com

21. Do all organisms that die become fossils?

22. No Why? – Not in sedimentary rock – Decay quickly (rainforest) – Get eaten www.dinosaur-toys-collectors-guide.com room42.wikispaces.com 4pts

23. Method of dating that uses fossils position in sedimentary rock

24. Relative dating http://quizlet.com/4079105/relativeabsolute-age-datingfossils-flash-cards/

25. Law that says: – Since layers are deposited at different times, layers on the bottom are older than on top

26. Law of Superposition bumipunbercerita.blogspot.com

27. Method of dating that gives a precise age

28. Absolute Dating vle.whs.bucks.sch.uk

29. The use of decay of radioactive elements found in organisms to find their absolute age Ex: Carbon dating

30. Radioactive Dating http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktvTqknDobU

31. What is Half-Life?

32. How many years it takes for half of the amount of an element to decay

33. Suppose a radioactive element has a half-life of 10,000 years. If the original amount of the element in an organism is 18g, how old is the organism if the amount of the element is currently 9g? 10,000 years old

34. What if there was only 4.5g left? 20,000

35. What are the two types of evolution?

36. Geological Evolution: the evolution of the Earth itself Organic Evolution: the evolution of living things 2 pts

37. Name 3 pieces of evidence that supports evolution.

38. Fossils Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Similarities in Embryology Darwin’s Finches Antibiotic Resistance Pesticide Resistance Sickle Cell Anemia and Malaria 3 pts

39. Whose explanation of evolution was correct?

40. Darwin book.pdfchm.net

41. Describe Natural Selection.

42. Individuals survive that have inherited traits adapted to their environment. 1 pt

43. Use Lamarck’s explanations to explain why crabs have large claws io9.com

44. Tendency towards perfection: Crabs want big claws Use and disuse: Crabs use their claws a lot so they got big Acquired characteristics: Crabs passed on the large claw trait to their offspring

45. Use Darwin’s explanations to explain how crabs got large claws.

46. Overproduction: too many crabs Competition/struggle: large fish Genetic variation: some crabs had large/med/small claws Survival of the fittest/Natural Selection: the large claw gave those crabs a better chance of surviving to adulthood to reproduce and therefore passing on their “large claw” gene to offspring EVOLUTION!!!! After several generations the species change and become better adapted to their environment 5 pts

47. What is a gene pool? http://cheezburger.com/2453817600

48. All genes in a population

49. What is a population?

50. Groups of interbreeding individuals that live in the same place at the same time

51. What does this picture represent?

52. Homologous structures

53. What is a vestigial structure and give an example.

54. Structures that no longer function or function less than in an ancestor, but are present because they are left over from an ancestor Ex: tailbone in humans, appendix in humans, wisdom teeth in humans, toe on a boa 2 pts

55. What organism is most closely related to the fish?

56. The salamander. www.eurekalert.org

57. Explain how Darwin’s finches are used as evidence for common ancestry. www.biology-online.org

58. There are 13 species of finches on the Galapagos that descended form 1 common ancestor form the mainland of South America. Similar because inherited similar DNA from common ancestor, different because environmental pressures cause natural selection 3 pts

59. What caused a change in the genetics to make some bacteria resistant to antibiotics?

60. A mutation www.docstoc.com

61. *Be sure you can use Darwin’s explanations to describe this process!!

62. Suppose you were living in tropical Africa. Would you rather be Homozygous dominant for the sickle cell gene, Heterozygous for the sickle cell gene, or homozygous recessive for the sickle cell gene? Why? www.architectural-review.com

63. Individuals heterozygous for the trait are resistant to malaria and therefore have a better chance of surviving to reproduce AA- does not have sickle cell, NOT resistant to malaria Aa- does not have sickle cell, resistant to malaria aa- has sickle cell anemia, resistant to malaria 2pts

64. Natural selection depends on what?

65. Variation Struggle Survival of the “fittest” 3pts

66. Natural Selection is based on the laws of ____________.

67. Laws of GENETICS!! GENES!!!!!!!!!!!! 3pts (because I love genes!!)

68. Explain crossing over yahoosports.tumblr.com

69. Crossing over is the exchange of genes form one homologous chromosome to another www.jogtheweb.com

70. What is the only source of a new gene type?

71. Mutation simpsons.wikia.com

72. What are two methods of isolation? Give examples

73. Geography  Ex rivers or mountains Reproduction  Mate at different times or places 4 pts

74. How is isolation a source of genetic variation?

75. The isolated population may have different environmental pressure and therefore different genes may be selected for. 2 pts

76. Isolation often leads to speciation. What is speciation?

77. The development of a new species 1 pt

78. How new species can emerge: _________→ _________→ __________→ _________

79. Genetic variation → environmental change→ natural selection→ new species 4 pts

80. Those species that produce many "cheap" offspring and live in unstable environments

81. R-selection 1 pt

82. Give an example of an organism that exhibits k-selection

83. Elephants, monkeys, humans

84. e7xavierbiology.wikispaces.com

85. Is gradualism faster or slower than punctuated equilibrium?

86. Slower 1 pt

87. When a single species or small group of species evolves into many different forms

88. Adaptive Radiation 1 pt www.biology-online.org

89. What type of evolution describes: Grizzly bears and Polar bears have a common bear ancestor, but different climates selected for different climates selected for different variations nickolaylamm.com

90. Divergent Evolution 1 pt

91. Unrelated organisms have similar traits due to similar environments

92. Convergent Evolution 1 pt www.zo.utexas.edu http://www.beatricebiologist.com/2010/11/convergent-evolution.html

93. What type of selection does this graph describe?

94. Directional 1 pt

95. What type of selection results in species having both extremes of a trait; can lead to speciation

96. Disruptive Selection 1 pt

97. Average birth weight is an example of what type of selection?

98. Stabilizing Selection 1 pt

99. This PowerPoint can be viewed at a video at: http://youtu.be/rBOtZU33UF4