3. Jimmy Carter 1976-1980 Ronald Reagan 1980-1988 George Bush Sr. 1988-1992 Bill Clinton 1992-2000 Barack Obama 2008-2016 What does “succession” mean? George Bush Jr 2000-2008

4. Primary Succession Defined: Establishment and development of an ecosystem in an uninhabited environment

5. Primary Succession Defined: Establishment and development of an ecosystem in an uninhabited environment Volcanic lava creates new land New barren land

6. Primary Succession Defined: Establishment and development of an ecosystem in an uninhabited environment Volcanic lava creates new land Glaciers retreating exposing new land Rocky land Frozen glacier New barren land

7. Primary Succession Defined: Establishment and development of an ecosystem in an uninhabited environment Volcanic lava creates new land Glaciers retreating exposing new land Peruvian Andes Mountains

8. Primary Succession Defined: Establishment and development of an ecosystem in an uninhabited environment Volcanic lava creates new land Glaciers retreating exposing new land Columbia Glacier in Alaska

9. Bare Rock Lava cools and hardens into rock

10. Pioneer Species Defined: First organisms to inhabit new land Moss and lichen grow on bare rock Rocky land wind......

11. Pioneer Species Defined: First organisms to inhabit new land Moss and lichen grow on bare rock Rocky land......

12. Pioneer Species Defined: First organisms to inhabit new land Moss and lichen grow on bare rock......

13. Rocky land soil Pioneer Species Defined: First organisms to inhabit new land Moss and lichen grow on bare rock Dead matter accumulates with rock pieces –Thin soil layer begins to accumulate Thin layer of soil Allows more growth

14. Rocky land soil The Process Continues Seeds enter the area and grow seed wind seed

15. Rocky land soil The Process Continues Seeds enter the area and grow Small flowers & shrubs accumulate more organic matter With new plants, small animals inhabit the area

16. Rocky land soil Even More Time Passes Small trees take root in the accumulated organic matter More animals use the trees as a habitat

17. Climax Community Large trees take root –Overcrowd and out-compete the original smaller trees New animals inhabit new forests Rocky land soil

19. Secondary Succession Changes that take place after a disturbance occurs in an established ecosystem –Forest fires, floods, tree falls… Faster scale (soil preexists)

34. Review 1)What are the first organisms to live within a newly created patch of land called? 2)Give examples of the answer to question #1. 3)What are the final species to live within a newly created patch of land called? 4)How are new areas of land created? 5)Give a few examples how the process of secondary succession can start. 6)How does primary and secondary succession differ? How are they similar?