1. 12 Empires in East Asia , 600–1350 Two Great Dynasties in China
QUIT 12
CHAPTER
Empires in East Asia , 600–1350
Chapter Overview
Time Line
MAP
SECTION 1
Two Great Dynasties in China
SECTION 2
The Mongol Conquests
SECTION 3
Empire of the Great Khan
SECTION 4
Feudal Powers in Japan
GRAPH
SECTION 5
Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
Visual Summary

2. HOME 12
CHAPTER
Empires in East Asia , 600–1350
Chapter Overview
China, the most advanced country in the world, is conquered by the Mongols, who overrun most of Asia and eastern Europe. They rule briefly before losing their empire. China and India influence the cultures of Japan, Korea, and many Southeast Asian kingdoms.

3. 12 Empires in East Asia , 600–1350 HOME Time Line 600 1350
CHAPTER
Empires in East Asia , 600–1350
Time Line
618 Tang Dynasty begins 300-year rule in China. Scholar-officials managed the Tang government.
935 Koryu Dynasty controls Korea.
1185 Kamakura shogunate rules Japan.
600
1350
794 Heian period begins in Japan.
960 Song Dynasty established in China.
1279 Kublai Khan conquers China.

4. Two Great Dynasties in China Key Idea 1
HOME 1
Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
Key Idea
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China becomes the richest, most powerful, and most advanced country in the world. Its trading routes extend throughout Asia.
Overview
Assessment

5. Two Great Dynasties in China Overview 1 • Tang Taizong • Wu Zhao
HOME 1
Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Tang Taizong
• Wu Zhao
• movable type
• gentry
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
During the Tang and Song dynasties, China experienced an era of prosperity and tech-nological innovation.
Chinese inventions from this period, such as printing, gunpowder, and the compass, changed history.
Assessment

6. Two Great Dynasties in China 1 1
HOME 1
Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
Section 1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain the similarities and differences between the Tang and Song dynasties.
Tang Only
Song Only
Both
Expanded the empire,
had a female ruler,
reformed the civil service
Prospered through trade, improved agriculture, created great art and literature
Ruled smaller empire,
developed into great sea power, created paper money and movable type
continued . . .

7. Two Great Dynasties in China 1 1
HOME 1
Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
Section 1
Assessment
2. What impact did improvements in transportation have on Tang and Song China? THINK ABOUT
• ways transportation was improved
• how these improvements were made
• relationships among regions in China
• trade with other countries
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Expanded roads and canals linked regions of China and spurred trade.
• Advances in sailing technology expanded sea trade and cultural exchange with other nations.
continued . . .

8. Two Great Dynasties in China 1 1
HOME 1
Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
Section 1
Assessment
3. What actions taken by the Sui, Tang, and Song emperors strengthened China’s empire? What actions weakened it?
THINK ABOUT
• military gains and losses
• changes to the government
• improvements in transportation and trade
• cultural changes
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Strengthened: built Grand Canal (Sui); guarded Silk Roads, improved roads, promoted trade, restored civil service (Tang); improved agriculture, expanded sea trade, issued paper money (Song)
Weakened: imposed high taxes, lost control of empire (Tang); lost northern China (Song)
End of Section 1

9. The Mongol Conquests Key Idea 2
HOME 2
The Mongol Conquests
Key Idea
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Central Asian steppes, succeed in conquering most of Asia and eastern Europe. They establish the largest empire the world has ever seen and briefly rule China.
Overview
Assessment

10. The Mongol Conquests Overview 2 • pastoralist • clan • Genghis Khan
HOME 2
The Mongol Conquests
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• pastoralist
• clan
• Genghis Khan
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the steppe, conquered settled societies across much of Asia.
The Mongols built the largest unified land empire in world history.
Assessment

11. HOME 2
The Mongol Conquests
Section 2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the series of events leading to the creation of the Mongol Empire.
Genghis Khan unites Mongols.
Genghis Khan conquers Central Asia.
His son Ogadai becomes Great Khan.
Mongols spread conquest south, east, and west.
Ogadai dies and westward campaign ends.
Mongol Empire controls much of Eurasia.
continued . . .

12. HOME 2
The Mongol Conquests
Section 2
Assessment
2. What characteristics of Mongol culture do you think contributed to their military success? Explain your response. THINK ABOUT
• how the nomadic way of life shaped Mongol culture
• the personality and leadership qualities of Genghis Khan
• Mongol weapons and tactics
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Nomadic groups fought among themselves, which geared them for warfare.
• Contact with other cultures brought new weapons and tactics.
• Large supply caravans gave armies mobility and flexibility.
• Riding skills, stirrups made cavalry powerful.
• Mobile way of life was well suited for war.
End of Section 2

13. Empire of the Great Khan Key Idea 3
HOME 3
Empire of the
Great Khan
Key Idea
Mongol rule opens China to foreign visitors and to extensive trade both internally and abroad. Marco Polo’s visit to China introduces the country and its many inventions to Europe.
Overview
Assessment
continued . . .

14. Empire of the Great Khan Overview 3 • Kublai Khan • Marco Polo
HOME 3
Empire of the
Great Khan
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Kublai Khan
• Marco Polo
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Kublai Khan ruled China and encouraged foreign trade, but the Yuan Dynasty was beset by problems.
The influence of Chinese ideas on Western civilization began with the Mongols’ encouragement of trade.
Assessment

15. Empire of the Great Khan 3 3
HOME 3
Empire of the
Great Khan
Section 3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List seven events that show the impact of Kublai Khan on East Asia.
Kublai Khan
Established a Mongol dynasty (Yuan)
Extended foreign trade
Conquered China
Improved communication within China and across Asia
Fought unsuccessful wars
in Southeast Asia
Failed to conquer Japan
Reunited China
continued . . .

16. Empire of the Great Khan 3 3
HOME 3
Empire of the
Great Khan
Section 3
Assessment
2. Judging from the events of the Yuan Dynasty, do you think the Mongol policies toward the Chinese were effective? THINK ABOUT
• the accomplishments of Kublai Khan as emperor of China
• the Mongols’ policies towards the Chinese
• the military campaigns of Kublai Khan
• the fate of the Yuan Dynasty
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
No—The policies only made the Chinese resent the Mongols and eventually rebel; granting the Chinese more power and freedom might have led them to accept Mongol rule.
Yes—The Chinese resented foreign rule, and strong policies kept them at bay; only weakened leadership allowed the dynasty to be overthrown.
continued . . .

17. Empire of the Great Khan 3 3
HOME 3
Empire of the
Great Khan
Section 3
Assessment
3. What evidence is there that the Chinese way of life influenced the Mongol conquerors? THINK ABOUT
• the seat of Kublai Khan’s empire
• Kublai’s actions as emperor of China
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Kublai Khan spent years in China and adopted many of its ways.
• He built luxurious palaces and dressed as a Chinese emperor.
• He moved the capital from Mongolia to Beijing.
• He kept Chinese government institutions in place.
End of Section 3

18. Feudal Powers in Japan Key Idea 4
HOME 4
Feudal Powers in Japan
GRAPH
Key Idea
Japanese civilization is shaped by Chinese influence, the clan system, and a feudal system. Rival war lords eventually set an emperor over all of Japan.
Overview
Assessment

19. Feudal Powers in Japan Overview 4 • Shinto • samurai • Bushido
HOME 4
Feudal Powers in Japan
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Shinto
• samurai
• Bushido
• shogun
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Japanese civilization was shaped by cultural borrowing from China and the rise of feudalism and military rulers.
An openness to adapting innovations from other cultures is still a hallmark of Japanese society.
Assessment

20. HOME 4
Feudal Powers in Japan
GRAPH
Section 4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Summarize the main periods and events in Japanese history between the years 300 and 1300.
Event Two
Event One
Event Four
Event Six
Event Three
Event Five
Event Seven
500
Koreans bring Buddhist images and scriptures to Yamato court.
794
Capital moved to Heian.
1192
Yoritomo becomes first shogun.
300
Chinese writings first mention Japan.
600s-800s
Japan adopts aspects of Chinese culture.
Feudal system develops.
1274 and 1281
Japan turns back Mongol invasions.
continued . . .

21. HOME 4
Feudal Powers in Japan
GRAPH
Section 4
Assessment
2. Was the rise of the shogun beneficial for Japan overall? Explain. THINK ABOUT
• problems developing in feudal Japan
• powers of the shogun
• achievements under the Kamakura shoguns
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Yes, a strong military leader can reduce conflicts between rival clans.
No, power is concentrated in one person.
End of Section 4

22. Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea Key Idea 5
HOME 5
Kingdoms of Southeast
Asia and Korea
Key Idea
India and China heavily influence Vietnam, Cambodia, Korea, and other Southeast Asian cultures. These kingdoms struggle to remain independent.
Overview
Assessment

23. Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea Overview 5 • Khmer Empire
HOME 5
Kingdoms of Southeast
Asia and Korea
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Khmer Empire
• Angkor Wat
• Koryu Dynasty
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Several smaller kingdoms prospered in East and Southeast Asia, a region culturally influenced by China and India.
Chinese cultural influences still affect East and Southeast Asia today.
Assessment

24. Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea 5 5
HOME 5
Kingdoms of Southeast
Asia and Korea
Section 5
Assessment
1. List six important kingdoms or dynasties covered in this section, and at least two major accomplishments of each.
Kingdom or Dynasty
Accomplishments
Khmer
Built irrigation system and Angkor Wat
Srivijaya
Dominated Strait of Malacca; created center of Buddhist learning
Sailendra
Prospered through agriculture; built Borobudur
Vietnam
Gained independence from China; defeated the Mongols
Silla
United Korea; developed writing
Koryu
Established civil service; produced celadon pottery
continued . . .

25. Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea 5 5
HOME 5
Kingdoms of Southeast
Asia and Korea
Section 5
Assessment
2. Give examples to show how geography influenced the history and culture of Southeast Asia and of Korea.
THINK ABOUT
• the climate
• location relative to other countries
• natural features of water and land
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Southeast Asia’s climate favored rice production.
• Proximity to India and China helped shaped its culture.
• Sea routes provided profitable trade.
• Mountain ranges and the sea helped Korea remain independent from Japan.
End of Section 5