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Three Dynasties: Sui, Tang, Song Dynasties All three brought progress and stability to China China invented block printing, gunpowder, participated in foreign trade Used civil service exams Three Dynasties
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Came after the Han Dynasty 581- new emperor came into China and began Sui dynasty Lasted from 581-618 Dynasty did not last long but did unify China Sui Yangdi- second emperor- completed Grand Canal Grand Canal linked the Huang He and Yangtze River The Sui Dynasty
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Cruel ruler: Used forced labor to complete Grand Canal Used high taxes Lived an extravagant life Military failures Caused rebellion He was murdered Sui Yangdi
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700 year period- used same principles from Qin and Han dynasties Monarchy Bureaucratic government Civil Servant exams Government based on provinces, districts, villages Confucian ideals Government
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Based on trade, agriculture, and manufacturing Majority of population were peasants and serfs Technology: used steel to make swords Gunpowder- to make explosives Mathematics Made new economy- based on money instead of trade Trade= silk road= cultural diffusion! Economy
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New forms of entertainment Rise in gentry Few Chinese had power Female children were considered less desirable When a girl married, she became part of the husbands family Poor families sold their daughters Society
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Section 2: The Mongols
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Military nomads From present day Mongolia 1206- Mongol people elected Genghis Khan Genghis Khan was a strong military ruler The Mongols
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Genghis Khan’s army= 130,000 men Brought Eurasian landmass under one ruler New capital: Karakorum When Khan died- empire split Khanates- each under the rule of one of his sons Mongols and Military
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1231- Mongols attacked Persia and defeated the Abbasids in 1258 Kubali Khan- Genghis Khan’s grandson- ruled China until his death in 1294 Kublai Khan set up a capital- Khanbalik which is Beijing today Mongols expanded into Vietnam Mongols won support of many Chinese people Fell: too much spreading of foreign conquests, corruption at court, and growing instability. Mongol Impact
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Under Kublai Khan In attack, Mongols encountered gunpowder Inventions came too late to save China from Mongols Kublai ruled not only China, but Korea, Tibet, parts of Vietnam Yuan Dynasty
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Chinese came to respect the stability and prosperity they experienced under Mongol rule Chinese believed the Mandate of Heaven could be passed to foreign rulers Chinese merchants benefitted from extensive trade networks Mongols brought peace and order Great cities flourished under Kublai Khan Pax Mongolia
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Pax Mongolia: political stability throughout much of Asia resulted from Mongol rule Allowed for an exchange of goods and ideas between the east and west Pax Mongolia
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Silk Road was very dangerous before the Mongols Traders were using it less because of fear Mongols provided safe passage along the Silk Road Trade increased as a result Silk Road
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Disease that followed along trade routes Millions were killed Impacted the Mongols Plague began with infested rats Killed 1/3 of Europe 35 million in China were killed Black Plague
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Italian merchant Traveled to the court of Kublai Khan Remained there for several years Marco Polo’s writing introduced Europeans to the beauty of riches of China Marco Polo
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Scholar from Morocco Traveled at the same time as Marco Polo Recorded his travels Traveled for 30 years- 73,000 miles Ibn Battuta
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Confucian teachings Song and Tang- Buddhist and Daoism Buddhism was brought in from India Daoism- rival of Confucianism Buddhism criticized Buddhist monasteries had acquired thousands of acres of land and serfs- with that came corruption Tang Dynasty destroyed Buddhist temples Religion and Government
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Revived Confucianism- became the heart of the state government Teaches that the world is real, not an illusion Divided the world into a material and spiritual world Goal: move beyond the material world to reach Supreme Ultimate Neo-Confucianism
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Period between Tang and Ming dynasties Invention of printing Most Chinese were illiterate Poetry- heavy focus Paintings and ceramics- influenced by Daoism Golden Age in Literature and Art
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