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IR3001 Asian Security
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Asian Security Background: Recent colonisation & decolonisation Vast and diverse territory Several new threats Numerous traditional security concerns…
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** Great powers **** Great powers + aspiring great power ** ** Nuclear states ** ** Nuclear states** ** Nuclear states + nuclear threshold states **3 RSCs: * South Asia * Southeast Asia * Northeast Asia
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Cold War in Northeast Asia Until 1960 clear dividing line After 1960 China becomes important player Regional securitisation of Japan regional dynamics Securitisation of divided states Superpower dynamics
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Post-Cold War in Northeast Asia Continuity traditional security & geopolitics: Divisions: N-S Korea // China-Taiwan US role, particularly US-N Korea Japan and neighbours: difficult Change moderate co-operation Rise of economic issues & interdependence Stabilisation Multilaterilisation Challenges Power transitions China-US, Jp-US, NK, democratisation
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Cold War in Southeast Asia Complex security dynamics Ideological alignments Superpower involvement Local rivalries Territorial disputes Creation of ASEAN (1967) Anti-communist Containment of Indonesia Weak security regime From ideological intrastate polarisation to ideological interstate polarisation
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Post-Cold War in Southeast Asia Soviet withdrawal Chinas rise Other winner: ASEAN Gradual expansion of ASEAN ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF, 1993) Contain China, include USA, avoid Japans rearming Co-operative Security arrangement (collective sec.) Balance-of-Power considerations
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Cold War in South Asia Dominated by India-Pakistani conflict, involving: Military sector Political sector Societal sector Sino-Indian war Penetration by CW superpowers
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Post-Cold War in South Asia Regional dynamics reinforced, not created, by CW Pakistani involvement in Afghanistan Escalation of Indo-Pakistani conflict Border Interference Nuclear capability Continuity, rather than change! In a Pakistani weekly: a snake from Afghanistan baring its fangs in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province
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Asian Security Conclusions Different security dynamics in each sub-RSCs: NEA survival of CW division, yet relaxed Economy > Military SEA Increasing regional institutionalisation SA Few changes, escalation of rivalry Continued presence of BoP considerations
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