1. Source Control Planning for Municipal Wastewater System Permit Compliance Environmental Trade Fair & Conference Austin, TX. May 6, 2015 David James Santiago Velez-Garcia Water Quality Division Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

2. Source Control Approach  Identify pollutant of concern  Find sources of pollutant  Determine control strategies  Set reduction goals  Implement strategy  Monitor progress  Make adjustments

3. Identify Pollutant of Concern Examples of pollutants that might be of concern  Fats, oil, & grease (FOG)  Mercury  Phosphorus  Total dissolved solids (TDS)  etc. Concerns  Prohibited discharges (40 CFR §403.5(b))  Excessive WWTP loading  Pass-through/interference  Effluent permit limit violation  Within 70% of water quality standards  Sludge contamination

4. Identify Pollutant of Concern Look for “diamonds” in your own backyard  Chemicals added to the collection system or WWTP  Hauled waste accepted at the WWTP (grease or grit waste, septic, RCRA, CERCLA)  Illegal dumping  Water or wastewater sludge discharged into the collection system

5. Find Sources of Pollutant  Identify sewer sub- basins in your collection system  Sample at locations that capture each sub-basin  Identify sub-basins with high pollutant contributions Sewer Collection System Sub-Basin Map City of Folsom, CA

6. Find Sources of Pollutant (cont.)  Further subdivide identified sub-basins  Identify areas or facilities that are potential contributors of the pollutant(s)  Note types of business, industry, residential area, etc.

7. Find Sources of Pollutant (cont.)  Gather flow data from identified areas/facilities  Calculate loading contributions and rank them from highest to lowest  DEFINE PRIORITIES!

8. Determine Control Strategies Public Education  Suitable for multiple sources difficult to control (domestic)  Requires outreach  Sensible to community perception  Continuous effort to maintain desired behavior change  Long-term results Voluntary Reduction  Suitable for identified sources (sector-specific BMPs)  Requires meetings, education, negotiations (explain what is in there for them)  High start effort, reduced effort for follow up  Short-, mid-term results

9. Determine Control Strategies (cont.) Pretreatment Requirements  Suitable for identified industrial/commercial sources  Requires legal authority (ordinance) and enforcement (See Texas Water Code §26.176)  High efforts to develop (start) and implement (follow up)  Mid-, long-term results  May include requirements: BMPs, effluent limits, monitoring, permits, fees

10. Set Reduction Goals  Determine how much can the WWTP treat Determine effluent concentration goal (permit limit, water quality standard) Determine effluent concentration goal (permit limit, water quality standard) Collect samples of influent and effluent Collect samples of influent and effluent Calculate actual removal efficiency Calculate actual removal efficiency

11. Set Reduction Goals (cont.)  Calculate the allowable concentration at the headworks that achieves effluent goal (assume calculated removal efficiency)  Compare measured and calculated allowable influent concentration  If measured is higher than calculated allowable, difference is the reduction goal (converted to loading)

12. Set Reduction Goals (cont.)  If treatment units will be modified to improve pollutant treatability, calculate allowable concentration at headworks to achieve effluent goal (use design removal efficiency)  If measured is higher than calculated, difference is the reduction goal (converted to loading)

13. Implement Strategy  Modify treatment units or plant operation (if applicable)  Calculate total contributed loading from identified sources

14. Implement Strategy (cont.)  Compare loading from sources to loading reduction goal Is the loading from the identified sources enough to meet the goal loading? Is the loading from the identified sources enough to meet the goal loading? What percentage reduction is needed from each source or group of sources? What percentage reduction is needed from each source or group of sources? Are these reductions feasible for the identified sources? Are these reductions feasible for the identified sources?

15. Implement Strategy (cont.)  Select the control strategies to be implemented  Consider how progress will be measured How will you know if your actions are successful? How will you know if your actions are successful?  Multiple strategies can be used (more than one for each type of source)

16. Implement Strategy (cont.) Planning & conducting  Education and outreach activities  Meetings and negotiations  Regulatory modifications, and enforcement response

17. Monitor Progress  Continue sampling Collection system sub-basins Collection system sub-basins WWTP influent and effluent WWTP influent and effluent  Track compliance or progress toward goal  Graph data to visualize trends and monitor progress

18. Make Adjustments  Are the implemented strategies achieving the goal (consistently)? If not, why? If not, why?  Look for additional sources that can be controlled

19. Make Adjustments (cont.)  New sources moved into town and were not identified?  Continuously update the list of potential sources

20. SOME SECTOR-SPECIFIC RESOURCES FOR: Food Processing Food Processing Mercury Mercury Breweries Breweries Phosphorus Phosphorus

21. Food Processing Source Control Resources  EPA Multimedia Environmental Compliance Guided for Food Processors (EPA 305-B-99-005) http://www.epa.gov/complia nce/resources/publications/ assistance/sectors/multifoo d.pdf http://www.epa.gov/complia nce/resources/publications/ assistance/sectors/multifoo d.pdf http://www.epa.gov/complia nce/resources/publications/ assistance/sectors/multifoo d.pdf http://www.epa.gov/complia nce/resources/publications/ assistance/sectors/multifoo d.pdf  Minnesota Technical Assistance Program http://mntap.umn.edu/food/ wastewater.htm http://mntap.umn.edu/food/ wastewater.htm http://mntap.umn.edu/food/ wastewater.htm http://mntap.umn.edu/food/ wastewater.htm

22. Food Processing Source Control Resources  Waste Reduction in Food Processing http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/02/01228.pdf http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/02/01228.pdf http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/02/01228.pdf  Wastewater Reduction and Recycling in Food Processing Operations http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/24/23261.htm http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/24/23261.htm http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/24/23261.htm  Meat, Food, and Dairy Processing Industry- Waste Streams & Pollution  Prevention http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/coloradoriver/water_is sues/programs/pretreatment/docs/rev_food_processo rs.pdf http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/coloradoriver/water_is sues/programs/pretreatment/docs/rev_food_processo rs.pdf http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/coloradoriver/water_is sues/programs/pretreatment/docs/rev_food_processo rs.pdf http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/coloradoriver/water_is sues/programs/pretreatment/docs/rev_food_processo rs.pdf

23. Mercury Reduction Resources  Mercury-Added Products Found at Drinking Water & Wastewater Treatment Facilities The Northeast Waste Management Officials’ Association (NEWMOA) The Northeast Waste Management Officials’ Association (NEWMOA) http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/pr ojects/WWT/Mercury- AddedProductsatWWTPlants.pdf http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/pr ojects/WWT/Mercury- AddedProductsatWWTPlants.pdf http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/pr ojects/WWT/Mercury- AddedProductsatWWTPlants.pdf http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/pr ojects/WWT/Mercury- AddedProductsatWWTPlants.pdf  EPA Dental Amalgam http://www.epa.gov/hg/dentalamalgam.html http://www.epa.gov/hg/dentalamalgam.html http://www.epa.gov/hg/dentalamalgam.html

24. Mercury Source Control Resources  Blueprint for Mercury Reduction – WWTPs Western Lake Superior Sanitation District Western Lake Superior Sanitation District http://www.wlssd.com/ WLSSD_Blueprint_Me rcury_Reduction.pdf http://www.wlssd.com/ WLSSD_Blueprint_Me rcury_Reduction.pdf http://www.wlssd.com/ WLSSD_Blueprint_Me rcury_Reduction.pdf http://www.wlssd.com/ WLSSD_Blueprint_Me rcury_Reduction.pdf

25. Mercury Source Control Resources  EPA Recommended Management and Disposal Options for Mercury-Containing Products Consumer products: home items Consumer products: home items Medical pharmaceutical products Medical pharmaceutical products Consumer products: automotive parts Consumer products: automotive parts Commercial products Commercial products Alternatives to Mercury-Containing Products Alternatives to Mercury-Containing Products http://www.epa.gov/mercury/mgmt_options.ht ml#commercial http://www.epa.gov/mercury/mgmt_options.ht ml#commercial http://www.epa.gov/mercury/mgmt_options.ht ml#commercial http://www.epa.gov/mercury/mgmt_options.ht ml#commercial

26. Brewery Source Control Resources  Examples of EPA Brewery Inspections http://www.epa.gov/region9/water/pretreatme nt/files/firestone-brewery-ins.pdf http://www.epa.gov/region9/water/pretreatme nt/files/firestone-brewery-ins.pdf http://www.epa.gov/region9/water/pretreatme nt/files/firestone-brewery-ins.pdf http://www.epa.gov/region9/water/pretreatme nt/files/firestone-brewery-ins.pdf http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/pretreatm ent/files/sierra_nevada_brewery_2004-10- 08_inspection.pdf http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/pretreatm ent/files/sierra_nevada_brewery_2004-10- 08_inspection.pdf http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/pretreatm ent/files/sierra_nevada_brewery_2004-10- 08_inspection.pdf http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/pretreatm ent/files/sierra_nevada_brewery_2004-10- 08_inspection.pdf

27. Phosphorus Source Control Resources  Phosphorus Management Plan Guide (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 2006)  Six Municipalities, One Watershed: A Collaborative Approach to Remove Phosphorus in the Assabet River Watershed (EPA 820-R-15-097, 2015)

28. Summary  Know your service area (known and potential sources)  Be familiar with your permit requirements (effluent & sludge for existing and draft permits)  Look for trends (influent/effluent/sludge analyses, process control tests, observations)  Set goals, monitor and evaluate progress, and make adjustments in strategies  Keep management and the community “in the loop”  Share your knowledge

29. Questions?