4. WWII Large Picture: Be prepared to analyze the causes, course and outcome of WWII 1. How did treaties, agreements amongst nations, and political structure contribute to World War II? How did Fascism pose a threat to Western democracies? 2. What are possibilities for the European out come (and thus world outcome) had the United States not entered the war and why? 3. How and why does a nation decide to go to war? What if a significant faction objects to the war? 4. Given the range of options and context, did Truman make the best choice in dropping atomic bombs?

5. Underlying CAUSES of WWII –Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism –Rise of Totalitarian Governments Breathing room –Failure of the League of Nations/Collective Security –Harsh Reparations of the Treaty of Versailles BRAT Provisions –Failure of the Policy of Appeasement?

6. The Versailles Treaty Germany Blamed for war Reparations- pay war debts Army- Stripped to 100,000 Territory- lost land Germany Blamed for war Reparations- pay war debts Army- Stripped to 100,000 Territory- lost land

7. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations  No control of major conflicts.  No progress in disarmament.  No effective military force.  Trade sanctions imposed but not obligated to obey

8. Failure of Collective Security  Several attempts by U.S. to get countries to agree to disarming  Washington Disarmament Conference-  Geneva Convention  Treaties with Japan  Kellog-Briand Pact – 1928  Makes war illegal as a tool of diplomacy o No enforcement provisions

9. Five-Power Treaty (1922) 5 A battleship ratio was achieved through this ratio: US Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67 5 Japan got a guarantee that the US and Britain would stop fortifying their Far East territories [including the Philippines]. 5 Loophole  no restrictions on small warships

10. Japanese Aggression Democracy in Crisis After World War I, Japan had established a parliamentary government and granted many citizens the right to vote. When economic conditions worsened during the 1930s, many Japanese became dissatisfied with multiparty democratic government. Rise of Nationalism Several radical groups formed in response to the government’s perceived weaknesses. Radicals demanded an end to Western-style institutions and a return to traditional ways. These radicals assassinated several business and political leaders, hoping to force the military to take over the government. Chapter 17, Section 3

11. Japanese Aggression: The Manchurian Incident By 1930, Japan lacked the land and raw materials to care for its growing population. Many Japanese saw the acquisition of neighboring Manchuria as a solution to these problems. In September 1931, a Japanese army stationed in Manchuria captured several cities. By February 1932, the army had seized all of Manchuria. This seizure came to be known as the Manchurian Incident. Japan set up Manchuria as a puppet state, or a supposedly independent country under the control of a powerful neighbor. After the Manchurian Incident, the military took a much stronger hand in governing Japan, especially in the area of foreign policy.

12. Japan Invades Manchuria 1931

13. 1931 into Manchuria 1937 into China and starts WWII in the Pacific 1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China….. 1940 invades Indochina US froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel. 1931 into Manchuria 1937 into China and starts WWII in the Pacific 1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China….. 1940 invades Indochina US froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel.

14. dictators  Took the form of a god Manifest Destiny  Japan’s Manifest Destiny was to expand into China and the rest of Asia.  Empire of the Sun Emperor Hirohito

15. dictators  1931/Japan, expansionist and military leader Open Door Policy.Would threaten our island possessions and U.S. trade policy into China, Open Door Policy. Hideki Tojo

16. Totalitarian dictators came to power during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe. Totalitarian dictators COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND NAZISM ARE TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS! Totalitarian dictators have total power….There are no freedoms in this type of society…..Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain groups……Often have large militaries and must expand and conquer to gain approval from their people. COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND NAZISM ARE TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS! Adolph Hitler Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Emperor Hirohito dictators

17. Joseph Stalin Communism1921/Soviet Union Communism  Spread Communism throughout the world dictators Stalin maneuvered himself into becoming the leader of the Soviet Union. The Russian Revolution NO BILL OF RIGHTS”The Russian Revolution was led by the people to overthrow a monarch but when the new ruling class took over, there were no protections of people’s rights…… “NO BILL OF RIGHTS”

18. Stalin’s Soviet Union Stalin’s Economic Plans Stalin’s state takeover of farmland resulted in a dramatic fall in agricultural production as well as mass starvation. Stalin poured money and labor into industrialization rather than basic necessities such as housing and clothing. Due to Stalin’s policies, the Soviet Union soon became a modern industrial power, although one with a low standard of living. Stalin’s Reign of Terror purgesTo eliminate opposition, Stalin began a series of purges, the removal of enemies and undesirable individuals from positions of power. Stalin’s purges extended to all levels of society. Millions were either executed or sent to forced labor camps. Many of those purged by Stalin were innocent. However, these purges successfully eliminated all threats to Stalin’s power.

19. dictators  Benito Mussolini Facism  1922/Italy---Facism  Believe, Obey and Fight  Revive the Roman Empire  FACISM:BASED ON A SYMBOL OF AUTHORITY IN THE OLD ROMAN EMPIRE  FACISM: BASED ON A SYMBOL OF AUTHORITY IN THE OLD ROMAN EMPIRE………… ”a philosophy or system of government that advocates or exercises a dictatorship, state control of industry, racial superiority, supremacy of the leader, limits civil rights, together with an ideology of belligerent nationalism, militarism and expansion…..”

20. Fascism in Italy Benito Mussolini gained power in Italy both by advocating the popular idea of Italian conquest in East Africa and by terrorizing those who opposed him. Il DuceOnce appointed prime minister by the king, Mussolini, calling himself Il Duce, suspended elections, outlawed other political parties, and established a dictatorship. Mussolini’s rule improved the ailing Italian economy. Under Mussolini, the Italian army successfully conquered the African nation of Ethiopia in May 1936.

21. The Rise of Adolph Hiler  Born in Austria  Fought in WWI and was bitter towards the Treaty of Versailles

22.  Discovers a small political party known as The National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)  Begins to work himself into the leadership positions of the Nazi party  November 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Germany.  Discovers a small political party known as The National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)  Begins to work himself into the leadership positions of the Nazi party  November 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Germany.  After the war his job in the army was to keep tabs on different political parties.  Hitler already shows anti-Semitic views.  After the war his job in the army was to keep tabs on different political parties.  Hitler already shows anti-Semitic views. The Rise of Adolph Hiler

23.  It fails and Hitler is arrested.  He is convicted 1924 and serves 9 months out of a 5- year sentence.  Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”  After his release from prison he continued to work with the Nazi party to take over Germany.  It fails and Hitler is arrested.  He is convicted 1924 and serves 9 months out of a 5- year sentence.  Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”  After his release from prison he continued to work with the Nazi party to take over Germany. The Rise of Adolph Hitler

24. "SA and SS, Heil! The great time has now begun. Germany is now awakened. We have won power in Germany. Now we must win over the German people. I know, my comrades, it must have been difficult at times, when you were desiring change which didn't come, so time and time again the appeal has to be made to continue the struggle - you mustn't act yourself, you must obey, you must give in, you must submit to this overwhelming need to obey." The Rise of Adolph Hiler  January 30, 1933- Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany

25. dictators  Adolph Hitler, appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933  Appoints himself dictator after Reichstag (German law-making body) is burnt to the ground. “Third Reich”  Create a new empire, “Third Reich” Treaty of VersaillesRevenge towards the Treaty of Versailles  Rearm Germany  Take back land lost from WWI

26. dictators The Nazis used a political police the Gestapothe Gestapo the SS corpsthe SS corps Propaganda to gain total power. Anti-Nazi leaders were arrested. Violated the privacyViolated the privacy of postal and telephonic communications. search warrantsNazis did not need search warrants for house searches or for confiscating or restricting private property.

27. FREEDOMS LOST FREEDOM OF SPEECHFREEDOM OF SPEECH NAZI’S CENSORED WHAT YOU COULD READ. DUE PROCESSDUE PROCESS COULD BE ARRESTED WITHOUT PROBABLE CAUSE NO TRIAL BY JURY RACISM PERSECUTIONNO TRIAL BY JURY NAZI’S PRACTICED RACISM AND PERSECUTION TOWARDS THE JEWS. CIVIL RIGHTSTHEY WERE STRIPPED OF THEIR CIVIL RIGHTS... NO LONGER CITIZENS

28. nuremberg Hitler blames Jews and Communists for problems of Germany Loss of WWILoss of WWI German Economic DepressionGerman Economic Depression raceJews identified as a “race” –not a religion Anti-Semitism A New Education BeginsA New Education Begins Save purity of German race. Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws A Common Enemy

29. Phase 1 1933-1939: DiscriminationPhase 1 1933-1939: Discrimination –A Common Enemy : Re-Education –Nuremburg Laws –German Jews face deportation –Violence Escalates----Kristalnacht Phase 2 (1939-1945): relocation & deathPhase 2 (1939-1945): relocation & death –World War II begins vs. France/England –Holocaust Begins –Holocaust Begins--- The Final Solution –Ghettos and Forced Labor Camps –mass executions of Jews and Eastern Europeans. –death squads –Gas Chamber Two Phases of Hatred

30. German Propaganda against the Jews.German Propaganda against the Jews. "The Jew: The inciter of war, the pro-longer of war.""The Jew: The inciter of war, the pro-longer of war." German Propaganda against the Jews.German Propaganda against the Jews. "The Jew: The inciter of war, the pro-longer of war.""The Jew: The inciter of war, the pro-longer of war."

31. German children were taught in school that Jews were inferior.

32. Anti-SemitismNazi Government Policy of Anti-Semitism Purity of German bloodPurity of German blood was essential to the existence of the German people and nation. Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws passed in 1935 provided legal basis for identification and persecution of Jews

33. 1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German blood are forbidden. 2. Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and German blood are forbidden. 3. Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens of German blood as servants. 4. Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colors. nuremberg

34. 5. Jewish children and German were segregated. 6. The right to citizenship is acquired by the granting of Reich citizenship papers. 7. Only the citizen of the Reich enjoys full political rights in accordance of the laws. 8. A citizen of the Reich is of German blood and who shows that he is both desirous and fit to serve the German people and Reich faithfully. nuremberg

35.  The first organized night of Nazi violence against German Jews Nov. 8 - 9, 1938  Thousands arrested, including college professors, writers, doctors, etc.  Jewish businesses, stores, homes and synagogues burned all through Germany and other German Occupied countries  Nazi violence against German Jews led to thousands hurt and many deaths…..

37. U.S. ISLANDS OPEN DOORBETWEEN 1931 TO 1941, JAPAN CONTROLLED MOST OF ASIA AND WAS THREATENING U.S. ISLANDS AND OUR OPEN DOOR TRADE POLICY. TREATY OF VERSAILLESFROM 1935 TO 1939, HITLER REMARMED GERMANY IN VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES. GERMANY/ITALY CONQUERED DEMOCRACIESGERMANY/ITALY CONQUERED MOST OF THE DEMOCRACIES IN EUROPE. US POLICYNEUTRALITYUS POLICY WAS STRICT NEUTRALITY BUT ULTIMATELY WOULD BE DRAWN INTO WWII. democracies

38. GERMAN EXPANSION 1935 to 1939, unopposed by the League of Nations. European democracies looked the other way- seen as reasonable until Czechslovakia Rhineland 1936 Austria 1938 GERMAN EXPANSION 1935 to 1939, unopposed by the League of Nations. European democracies looked the other way- seen as reasonable until Czechslovakia Rhineland 1936 Austria 1938

39. Hitler desires the Sudetenland Part of Germany before WWI. Treaty of Versailles created Czechoslovakia 7,450,000 Czechs 3,200,000 Germans 2,300,000 Slovaks 720,000 Magyars 560,000 Ruthenes 100,000 Poles Hitler desires the Sudetenland Part of Germany before WWI. Treaty of Versailles created Czechoslovakia 7,450,000 Czechs 3,200,000 Germans 2,300,000 Slovaks 720,000 Magyars 560,000 Ruthenes 100,000 Poles Munich Conference

40. Leaders met in Munich to decide the fate of Czechoslovakia.. Hitler believed Sudetenland should be part of Germany. Adolf Hitler--Germany Neville Chamberlain—England Premier Edouard Deladier---France Benito Mussolini--Italy Hitler promised the world if he received the Sudetenland, there would be no war.

41. German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Hitler got the Sudetenland. Hitler got the Sudetenland. German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Hitler got the Sudetenland. Hitler got the Sudetenland.

42. Munich Conference FDR sent a letter to Hitler asking him to honor the Munich Conference Later in 1939, Hitler would invade and take the rest of Czechoslovakia……. The United States learned from the Munich Conference that you cannot trust the words of a dictator………

43. WWII Begins In Sept. 1939 Germany’s blitz in the invasion of Poland launches WWII in Europe. US adopted its traditional policy of neutrality.

44. Umbrella Road What is the cartoonist trying to say here? appeaseWhat is meant by, “we might as well try to appease him”? How does the cartoonist justify his decision to appease Hitler? Notice the American countries……. What is this symbolic of?

45. 1. 1931---Japan invades Manchuria, WWII begins in Asia 2. 1935---Italy invades Ethiopia 3. 1936---Hitler invades the Rhineland 4. 1937 to 1939---Spanish Civil War 5. 1937---Japan invades China 6. 1938--Hitler takes Sudetenland US and League of Nations demands Japan to get out---Stimson Doctrine L/N demands Italy to get out—No US sell of weapons L/N demands Germany to get out---US Neutrality and refuses to sell arms to Germany US Neutrality----Spain becomes a fascist dictatorship US neutral but demands Japan to withdraw and refuses to sell iron, steel and gasoline products Munich Conference--Great Britain and France give into Hitler, Appeasement US Neutral but FDR writes a letter to Hitler & Mussolini asking them to guarantee no more aggression. CHART

46. 7. 1938, Hitler takes Czechoslovakia 8. Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invades Poland which begins WWII in Europe 9. 1940---Hitler’s inasion of Norway, Denmark, Holland and Belgium 10. 1940---Hitler takes France 11. 1940---Japan’s invades Indochina 12. 1940---Hitler attacks Great Britian Cannot trust “the words of a dictator” Britain & France declare war on Germany on Sept. 1, 1939. US neutral, extends Cash and Carry Policy to Allies US neutral--freezes German assets-- begins military buildup US neutral, begins peacetime draft— Selective Service US neutral but demands withdrawal and freezes Japanese money, Property and embargo of oil, iron and steel. US neutral but extends Lend Lease policy to Great Britain—last Democratic Nation—Battle of Britian US becomes the arsenal of democracy CHART

47. 13. 1941---Hitler’s invasion of Russia 14. 1941---Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941---Day of Infamy US neutral but extends Lend Lease to Russia…...US & Great Britain draw up war goals in the Atlantic Charter Neutrality is ended and US declares war on Japan, Germany and Italy declare war on US CHART