1. Introduction to Learning Chapter 1 – Powell et al.

2. Introduction to Learning I. What is learning? A definition: A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience. A. Behavior? 1. Unlearned 2. Learned B. Relatively permanent?

3. Introduction to Learning II. Types of learning A. Classical conditioning – reflexive behavior B. Operant conditioning – consequences of behavior. C. Observational learning

4. Introduction to Learning III. Associative learning A. Nature or Nurture 1. Nativism 2. Empiricism

5. Introduction to Learning A demonstration: 1. Apple 2. Night 3. Thunder 4. Bread 5. Chair 6. Bat 7. Girl 8. Dentist 9. Quiet 10. Sunset 11. Elephant 12. Blue

6. Introduction to Learning III. B. Aristotle’s Laws of Association 1. Law of Similarity 2. Law of Contrast 3. Law of Contiguity a. Spatial contiguity b. Temporal contiguity 4. Law of Frequency

7. Introduction to Learning IV. Early influences A. Rene’ Descartes 1. Reflex 2. Non-human behavior 3. Human behavior a. Mind-body b. Dualism

8. Introduction to Learning IV. Early influences B. British Empiricist - Experience 1. John Locke 2. Tabula rasa 3. Sensations  simple ideas 4. Association  complex ideas (e.g., brick) 5. Association  duplex ideas (e.g., house) C. Structuralism – Structure of mind 1. Wundt 2. Introspection D. Functionalism – Adaptive processes 1. Darwin 2. James

9. Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism A. John B. Watson 1. First behaviorist 2. Science of behavior 3. Only observable behavior (emulate physics) 4. A little biographical info

10. Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism 1. Methodological behaviorism (Watson) a. S-R learning (molecular) b. Observable behavior only c. Emphasized the environmental influences

11. Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism (continued) 2. Neobehaviorism (Clark Hull) a. Intervening variables b. Habit strength c. Drives

12. Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism (continued) 3. Cognitive behaviorism (Tolman) a. Intervening cognitive processes b. Purpose and expectancy c. Molar (not molecular) d. Latent learning 1) Cognitive map 2) Learning vs performance

13. Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism (continued) 4. Social learning theory (Bandura) 1. Observational learning 2. Reciprocal determinism a. Environmental events b. Observable behaviors c. Internal events

14. Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism (continued) 5. Radical behaviorism (Skinner) a. Covert behaviors, unlike Watson b. Causes of both in environment c. Molar, but unlike Tolman d. Not extreme empiricist, genetics important (selection parallels) e. EAB f. ABA