1. Radio 1 Radio

2. Radio 2 Introductory Question If you took an electrically charged ball and shook it up and down rapidly, charges in a nearby metal object would move in response. How far away could that metal object be and still respond? If you took an electrically charged ball and shook it up and down rapidly, charges in a nearby metal object would move in response. How far away could that metal object be and still respond? A. 1 meter B. 1 kilometer C. The other side of the universe

3. Radio 3 Observations about Radio Transmit sound long distances without wires Transmit sound long distances without wires Involve antennas Involve antennas Seem to involve electricity and magnetism Seem to involve electricity and magnetism Reception depends on antenna positioning Reception depends on antenna positioning Reception weakens with distance Reception weakens with distance Two styles of radio: AM and FM Two styles of radio: AM and FM

4. Radio 4 Electromagnets and Energy Electric and magnetic fields contain energy Electric and magnetic fields contain energy An electromagnet stores magnetic energy An electromagnet stores magnetic energy Electromagnet consumes energy as it turns on Electromagnet consumes energy as it turns on Current temporarily experiences a voltage drop Current temporarily experiences a voltage drop Electromagnet releases energy as it turns off Electromagnet releases energy as it turns off Current temporarily experiences a voltage rise Current temporarily experiences a voltage rise Electromagnet opposes current charges Electromagnet opposes current charges

5. Radio 5 Inductors Inductors are electromagnets Inductors are electromagnets Inductors store magnetic energy Inductors store magnetic energy Inductors oppose changes in current Inductors oppose changes in current

6. Radio 6 Tank Circuit Inductor & Capacitor share energy Inductor & Capacitor share energy Charge flows back and forth through inductor Charge flows back and forth through inductor Energy shifts back and forth between the two devices Energy shifts back and forth between the two devices

7. Radio 7 Tank Circuit Oscillation

8. Radio 8 Tank Circuits in Radio Tanks are resonant devices Tanks are resonant devices Tanks build up energy at a specific frequency Tanks build up energy at a specific frequency Tanks help radios emit radio waves Tanks help radios emit radio waves Tanks help radios detect radio waves Tanks help radios detect radio waves

9. Radio 9 Emitting Radio Waves (Part 1) A transmitter uses a tank circuit to “slosh” charge up and down its antenna A transmitter uses a tank circuit to “slosh” charge up and down its antenna A receiver uses a tank circuit to detect charge “sloshing” on its antenna A receiver uses a tank circuit to detect charge “sloshing” on its antenna Transmitter antenna charge affects receiver antenna charge Transmitter antenna charge affects receiver antenna charge

10. Radio 10 Emitting Radio Waves (Part 1) Accelerating charge emits radio waves Accelerating charge emits radio waves Charge produces electric field Charge produces electric field Current produces magnetic field Current produces magnetic field Changing current produces changing magnetic field, produces changing electric field, prod… Changing current produces changing magnetic field, produces changing electric field, prod… A radio wave consists only of an electric and magnetic field A radio wave consists only of an electric and magnetic field A radio wave travels through empty space at the speed of light A radio wave travels through empty space at the speed of light

11. Radio 11 Structure of a Radio Wave Electric field is perpendicular to magnetic field Electric field is perpendicular to magnetic field Electric field creates magnetic field and vice versa Electric field creates magnetic field and vice versa Electric field determines polarization of the wave Electric field determines polarization of the wave

12. Radio 12 AM Modulation Information is encoded in the fluctuating amplitude of the wave Information is encoded in the fluctuating amplitude of the wave Pressure variations cause changes in the amount of charge moving on the antenna Pressure variations cause changes in the amount of charge moving on the antenna

13. Radio 13 FM Modulation Information is encoded in the exact frequency of the charge motion Information is encoded in the exact frequency of the charge motion Pressure variations cause slight shifts in the frequency of charge motion on the antenna Pressure variations cause slight shifts in the frequency of charge motion on the antenna

14. Radio 14 Introductory Question (revisited) If you took an electrically charged ball and shook it up and down rapidly, charges in a nearby metal object would move in response. How far away could that metal object be and still respond? If you took an electrically charged ball and shook it up and down rapidly, charges in a nearby metal object would move in response. How far away could that metal object be and still respond? A. 1 meter B. 1 kilometer C. The other side of the universe

15. Radio 15 Figures