1.  Copyright 2006 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. www.deri.org Semantics and Services Dieter Fensel DERI International Dieter Fensel @deri.org PVA: Semantische Technologien Die Zukunft des E-Business Wirtschaftkammer Österreich 26-April-2006

2. 2 But first a few words about us… Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI) - our vision is to make the Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services a reality enabling fully flexible eCommerce for small, medium-sized and large enterprises. –Semantic Web Services have the potential to become a key- enabling infrastructure for Knowledge Management and eWork, Enterprise Application Integration, and eCommerce –In consequence, Semantic Web Services are one of the key areas of applied computer science

3. 3 DERI Galway DERI Innsbruck DERI Seoul DERI Stanford DERI International – Status

4. 4 DERI International € 42 Mio SFI: 12M€ European Union: €6,6M Enterprise Ireland: 0,3M€ DERI Galway € 19 Mio DERI Seoul € 5,5 Mio DERI International – Status DERI Stanford € 2 Mio DERI Innsbruck € 15,5 Mio European Commission: €10,1M€ Tiroler Zukunftsstiftung: 2M€ TransIt: 1,4M€ FFF/FFG/WWFF: 1,5M€ BMBWK: 0,5M€ Korean Ministry of Health & Welfare: 4M€ Ministry of Information And Communication: 1,2M€ DARPA, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: 0,15M € DARPA, subcontracted through NRL (Naval Research Laboratory: 1,85M€

5. 5 Projects that DERI is involved in (around 188M€): ASG: 12 M€COG: 2 M€ DERI Lion: 12 M€DIP: 18 M€ DSSE:0.4M€Eastweb:1 M€ Esperonto:3 M€E-Swan:0,5M€ Grisino:0,5M€ H-techsight:3M€ Infrawebs: 3M€Knowledge Web: 8 M€ LBSCULT: 0,2M€M3PE: 0,2 M€ Musing:15M€Nepomuk:16 M€ Ontoweb:2M€RW2: 0.4M€ Salero:14M€SAOR: 0,3 M€ SEKT: 13M€SEEMP:5M€ Semantic Gov: 5 M€Sembiz:0,6M€ SemNetMan: 0.5M€Sense:0,7M€ SUPER:15 M€Swing:4 M€ SWWS: 3 M€SystemOne: 2.1M€ TRIPCOM:5M€Interoperable EHR:16M€ Semantic Service Engine4M€TSC: 0.3M€ GGP Testbed0,15M€ Learning Evaluation:1.85M€ DERI International – Status (July 2005)

6. 6 DERI – Team 2005

7. 7 DERI 2006 - 2007 (Future Plans )

8.  Copyright 2006 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. www.deri.org The Technological Vision

9. 9 Semantically Empowered Service-oriented Architectures (SESA) Currently, computer science is in a new period of abstraction. A generation ago we learnt to abstract from hardware and currently we learn to abstract from software in terms of SERVICE oriented architectures (SOA). It is the service that counts for a customer and not the specific software or hardware that is used to implement the service. In a later stage, we may even talk in terms of problem-oriented architectures (or more positively expressed in terms of problem- solving oriented architectures) because SOAs are biased towards the service provider and not towards the customer that has a problem that needs to be solved.

10. 10 Semantically Empowered Service-oriented Architecture (SESA) Service-oriented architectures will become quickly the leading software paradigm However, SOAs will not scale without significant mechanization of –Service discovery, service adaptation, negotiation, service composition, service invocation, and service monitoring; and –Data and process mediation Therefore, machine processable semantics needs to be added to bring SOAs to their full potential Development of open standards (languages) and open source architectures and tools that add semantics to service descriptions

11. 11 The SESA Manifesto (M. Brodie et al.) The operation system of the 21st century based on semantics

12.  Copyright 2006 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. www.deri.org Background

13. 13 500 million user more than 3 billion pages Static WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Semantic Web and Web Services

14. 14 Static WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Serious Problems in information finding, information extracting, Information representing, information interpreting and information maintaining. Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL Semantic Web and Web Services

15. 15 Static WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Bringing the computer back as a device for computation Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL Dynamic Web Services UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Semantic Web and Web Services

16. 16 Static WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Bringing the Web to its full potential Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL Dynamic Web Services UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Intelligent Web Services Semantic Web and Web Services

17. 17 State-of-the-Art in (non-semantic) Web Services

18. 18 Usage Process 1.Publishing create & publish Web service description 2.Discovery determine usable services for a request 3.Composition combine services to achieve a goal 4.Selection choose most appropriate service among the available ones 5.Mediation solve mismatches (data, protocol, process) that hamper interoperation 6.Execution invoke Web services following programmatic conventions

19. 19 Mechanization of Finding, Comparing, Data and Process Mediation Mechanized support is needed in finding and comparing service providers and their offers –Machine processable semantics of information allow to mechanize these tasks Mechanized support is needed in dealing with numerous and heterogeneous data formats –Ontology technology is required to define such standards better and to map between them Mechanized support is needed in dealing with numerous and heterogeneous business and application logics –Mediation is needed to compensate these differences, allowing partners to cooperate properly

20.  Copyright 2006 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. www.deri.org Concepts & Technological Basis

21. 21 DERI – W W which stands for: WSMO: A conceptual model for describing service oriented architectures WSML: A formal language for describing service oriented architectures WSMX: A service oriented architecture Triple space: A shared space for heterogeneous services that communicate via persistent publication

22. 22 DERI – W A Conceptual Model for Semantic Web Services A Formal Language for WSMO A Rule Language for the Semantic Web Execution Environment for WSMO

23. 23 Objectives that a client may have when consulting a Web Service Provide the formally specified terminology of the information used by all other components Semantic description of Web Services: - Capability (functional) - Interfaces (behavioral) Connectors between components with mediation facilities for handling heterogeneities Concepts & Technological Basis (1): WSMO Four top level elements = Cornerstones of conceptual model (www.wsmo.org)

24. 24 Concepts & Technological Basis (1): WSMO The big challenge of defining a Semantic Web service Capabilities –What is a service able to do? –What are the requirements on the input and output?  Preconditions, Assumptions, Postconditions and Effects need to be defined. Interfaces –How can a service be accessed? –How does a service solve its task?  Choreography and Orchestration of services need to be defined.

25. 25 Concepts & Technological Basis (2): WSML WSML: The Web Service Modeling Language A family of language layered on top of XML and RDF. URIUnicode XML RDF (S) WSML Core WSML DLWSML Rule WSML Full

26. 26 Concepts & Technological Basis (2): WSML A set of concrete languages for the various tasks: Ontology / Rule Languages (static view) –WSML Core efficiency and compatibility –WSML DL decidability, open world semantics –WSML Rule efficient existing rule engines –WSML Full unifying language, theorem proving Languages for dynamics –Transaction Logic over ASMs Mapping languages –for dynamics (process mediation) –for data (data mediation)

27. 27 Concepts & Technological Basis (2): WSML W3C Semantic Web Language Layer Cake revised version, Tim-Berners-Lee 2005

28. 28 Concepts & Technological Basis (3): WSMX WSMX: The Web Service EXecution Environment A service oriented architecture. Reference implementation of SESA and WSMO

29. 29 Human net Machine net email web Web Services Triple Space Message Publishing Concepts & Technological Basis (4): Triple Space

30. 30 “Persistently publish and read semantic data that is denoted by unique identifiers” Communication platform for Semantic Web services based on Web principles: Fundamentals: Space-based computing – sharing information, knowledge RDF triples of the form: URI – Uniform Resource Identifier Concepts & Technological Basis (4): Triple Space

31. 31 Triple Spaces allow for: Time autonomy Location autonomy Reference autonomy Vocabulary autonomy  Triple Spaces provide a communication paradigm for anonymous, asynchronous information exchange that ensure the persistency and unique identification of the communicated semantic data. Concepts & Technological Basis (4): Triple Space

32. 32 The SDK (SEKT, DIP, Knowledge Web) Cluster has strategically aligned with ASG (Adaptive Services Grid) resulting in the formation of the European Semantic Systems initiative (ESSI) cluster. The new ESSI Cluster combines Semantic Web Services and Semantically empowered system solutions with Semantically empowered service-oriented architectures ASG will add value to the new ESSI cluster by providing a proof-of-concept prototype of an open platform for adaptive services discovery, creation, composition and enactment. Dissemination

33. 33 Standardization Done –WSMO and WRL submitted to W3C (member submissions) –W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services In progress –OASIS Semantic Execution Environment Technical Committee –W3C Rule Interchange Format Working Group In preparation –W3C Semantic Annotation for Web Services Working Group –W3C Semantics for Web Services Characterization Group

34. 34 W3C Member Submissions Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) –Submitted by DERI Innsbruck, DERI Galway, BT, The Open University, and SAP AG on 04 April 2005 Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) Web Service Modeling Language (WSML) Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX) Relationship of WSMO to relevant other technologies WSMO Primer –Published on 3 June 2005 See W3C Staff Comment: www.w3.org/Submission/2005/06/Comment Web Rule Language (WRL) –Submitted by DERI Galway, DERI Innsbruck, The Open University, Software AG, Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI), BT, and National Research Council Canada on 21 June 2005 Web Rule Language (WRL) XML Schema for WRL/XML Serialization Relationship of WRL to relevant other technologies See www.w3.org/Submission/2005/08/ –Published on 9 September 2005 See W3C Staff Comment: www.w3.org/Submission/2005/08/Comment

35. 35 Hosted in Innsbruck by DERI on 9-10 June 2005 Conclusion –Strong interest in various forms of pre-standardization work, e.g. an Incubator Activity or a Characterization work –Some users feel that standardization would benefit their efforts and the larger community –However, there does not appear to be a clear momentum at present towards a W3C recommendation track in this area. Reasons for this include: the preference of the WS community for a "go-slow" approach these technologies is primarily in research and/or prototyping efforts at present; lack of vendor commitment to provide tools and other forms of support; –See www.w3.org/2005/04/FSWS/workshop-report W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services

36. 36 OASIS SEE TC « The OASIS SEE TC aims to continue work initiated by the WSMX project and several other projects in Europe such as DIP, ASG and other projects in the area of Semantic Web Services which will start in the coming months. The aim of the SEE TC is to provide guidelines, justifications and implementation directions for an execution environment for Semantic Web services. The resulting architecture will incorporate the application of semantics to service-oriented systems and will provide intelligent mechanisms for consuming Semantic Web services » (Charter) First F2F meeting held 11 November 2005 Co-chairs: D. Fensel (DERI), M. Zaremba (DERI) –Membership: 27 participants from 12 organisations Deliverables and schedule: –Semantic Web Services Architecture and Information Model Technical specification December 2007 (DIP deliverable D6.14) –Services Specification -- Execution Semantics for Semantics-Enabled systems Technical specification December 2007 (DIP deliverable D6.15) –Technical reports and white papers as required www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=semantic-ex

37.  Copyright 2006 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. www.deri.org Application Areas & Market Prospects

38. 38 Application Areas & Market Prospects Application Areas –Knowledge Management –Enterprise Application Integration –E-Commerce (B2C and B2B) –E-Government –… many more SESA = enabling technology for the 21st century Market Prospects: –2006 / 07: Technology Development & Dissemination –2008: Break Even Point / ROI –2010: Commercialization (40 – 60 billion dollar market)

39. 39 Market Development (Gartner)

40. 40 Estimated Market in 2010 for Semantic Technology Semantic Web Market

41. 41 Acknowledgements The work presented is funded by the European Commission under the projects ASG, DIP, Knowledge Web, SEKT, SWWS, AKT and Esperonto; by Science Foundation Ireland under the DERI-Lion project; and by the Austrian government under the FIT-IT program. We would like to acknowledge all the authors contributing to SESA vision: Michael Brodie 1, Christoph Bussler 2, Jos de Brujin 3, Thomas Fahringer 4, Dieter Fensel 3,5, Martin Hepp 3, Holger Lausen 3, Dumitru Roman 3, Thomas Strang 3, Hannes Werthner 6, and Michal Zaremba 3,5 1 Verizon, USA 2 Cisco, USA 3 DERI Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria 4 Institute for Computer Science, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria 5 DERI Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 6 Department for Information Systems and e-tourism, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria