1. Section 10.1- 10.30 CORRECT USE OF VERBS

2.  Verbs have four principal parts: 1.The present 2.The present participle 3.The past 4.The past participle  ALL other forms of any verb can be derived from these principal parts  All verbs can be classified as regular or irregular verbs, depending on the way the past and past participle are formed  Regular verbs form the past and past participle by adding: -ed, -d, or –t to the present  Irregular verbs form the past and past participle in irregular ways  Both regular and irregular verbs form the present participle by adding –ing to the present PRINCIPAL PARTS

3.  Don’t confuse the past tense with the past participle  Never use helping verbs with the past tense  Always use helping verbs with the past participle  For example: to draw  Present: draw  Past: drew  Present participle: drawing  Past participle: drawn  Jason drawn the best sketch. (incorrect)  Jason drew the best sketch. (correct)  Jason has drew the best sketch (incorrect)  Jason has drawn the best sketch. (correct) PRINCIPAL PARTS

4.  Sit: to be seated  Sit, sitting, sat, (have) sat  Usually intransitive  I always sit in the bleachers at football games.  The visiting teams are sitting with their coaches.  We sat there until the game was over.  The Dawsons have sat in the same section for every game.  Set: to put or place something  Set, setting, set, (have) set  Usually transitive  Emily sets the plates on the table.  They were setting the jars on the shelf.  He set the gas cap on the car.  Her plants have been set outside the door. SIT AND SET

5.  Rise: to go up; to get up  Rise, rising, rose, (have) risen  Intransitive  Rise and say the Pledge to the flag.  The water in the river is rising rapidly.  The weather balloon rose to a height of 90,000 feet.  The sun has risen, and we must depart.  Raise: to lift something; to push something up  Raise, raising, raised, (have) raised  Transitive  Raise the flag when the trumpet sounds.  They are raising the drawbridge for the sailboat.  She raised her voice when the jet flew overhead.  Potatoes have been raised by Maine farmers for generations. RISE AND RAISE

6.  Lie: to recline  Lie, lying, lay, (have) lain  Intransitive  She lies down for twenty minutes at noon.  Our dog is lying in the shade.  He lay in the shade all afternoon.  The ship has lain at anchor for two weeks.  Lay: to put or place something  Lay, laying, laid, (have) laid  Transitive  Lay down your rifle before checking the targets.  They were laying the carpet last night.  Pastor Vaughn laid an open Bible before the man.  Our sins were laid on Jesus Christ. LIE AND LAY

7.  The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action  There are six tenses in the English language: 1.Present tense 2.Past tense 3.Future tense 4.Present perfect tense 5.Past perfect tense 6.Future perfect tense  Progressive and emphatic are special forms of the main tenses  Progressive form shows continuing action and is used with all six tenses  Emphatic form shows emphasis and is used with only the present and past TENSE

8.  The verb be is an important helping verb  It is used in all six tenses in forming the progressive tenses and in forming the passive voice  The helping verb do is used in forming the present emphatic tense and the past emphatic tense  The six tenses indicate the time of the action (or condition) expressed by the verb.  The name of the tenses generally represent the actual time of the action TENSE

9.  Use the present tense to indicate an action that is occurring now, at the present time  Mr. Keith drives a truck.  Jack is president of his class.  Mr. Baker is traveling to Ohio.  I do like both spinach and broccoli.  Use the past tense to indicate an action that occurred some definite time in the past  He played tennis whenever he could find the time.  Jack was president of his class.  He was still working at midnight.  He did work hard to meet the deadline. TENSE

10.  Use the future tense to indicate an action that will occur in the future  I shall go with you.  I shall be going with you each week.  Use the present perfect tense to indicate an action that was begun in the past and is completed at the present time  The present perfect indicates that the past action has some connection with the present moment  Adam has completed his science project.  Mr. Clive has bee teaching math for ten years. TENSE

11.  Use the past perfect tense to indicate an action that was completed before some other past action  Mrs. Stone had already bought the gifts before the sale started.  She had been swimming for five hours when her crew sighted a shark.  Use the future perfect tense to indicate an action that will be completed before some other future action  He will have visited all the major cities before he returns.  They will have been travelling for nine hours by the time we awake tomorrow. TENSE

12.  In sentences that have subordinating elements (usually anything but simple sentences) be sure that you’re the tenses in your sentence shows a logical time relation to the governing clause  In other words, don’t switch tenses part way through a sentence  Use the “things” you learned in the previous slides to keep a correct sequence of events and tenses TENSE SEQUENCE