1. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 1 ILA - GAUSS Standardization Group Update Presented by Robert W. Lilley, Ph. D. Co-Secretary Contact: rlilley@illgen.com

2. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 2 GAUSS Background (1) Global AUgmentation of Satellite Systems Created by Northwest Europe Loran System (NELS) consortium NELS, with HQ in Oslo, is a treaty organisation of Denmark, Ireland, France, Germany, Norway and The Netherlands. Formed GAUSS in January, 2000 Tasked to revise ITU-R M.589-2 to include data transmission Includes both Loran-C and Chayka "Technical Characteristics of Methods of Data Transmission and Interference Protection for Radionavigation Services in the Frequency Bands Between 70 and 130 kHz" (www.itu/int/rec/recommendation) Standardises 3-level pulse position data transmission modulation (Eurofix) I ncludes a standards placeholder for other data-link designs Revised standard accepted by ITU -- now...-3 Provides a world-wide standard for the technology

3. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 3 GAUSS Background (2) Global AUgmentation of Satellite Systems Once ITU-R M.589-2 was completed, GAUSS identified new work Integrated radio navigation services using Loran-C/Chayka Includes data communications outside NELS coverage and political boundaries Gauss sought an independent international organisation as host Facilitates standardisation work with states world-wide Representatives from eight countries in Europe, North America, Asia. The International Loran Association (ILA) was approached Specific interest in Loran-C/Chayka services for land, sea and air worldwide ILA agreed to host Gauss, endorsing its expanded charter

4. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 4 Scope Integrated navigation and timing systems Using Loran-C/Chayka technologies Both the transmitting and the receiving elements All transportation modes plus timing Maritime, aviation & land users Positioning/navigation and communications applications All stakeholders Service providers, administrations, manufacturers and users Global approach Allows for regional adaptations Provides guidance, promotes standardisation Facilitates regulation, cooperation, harmonization

5. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 5 GAUSS Goals To facilitate development of performance standards for submission to relevant international fora To facilitate standardisation by providing relevant documentation and expertise to the relevant international standardization fora To provide information and guidance to interested parties The general public The potential users Manufacturers Administrations Service providers Policy makers To encourage the development of integrated radio navigation system equipment that incorporates Loran-C/Chayka technologies To encourage system providers to improve their existing systems by introducing enhanced features while preserving backward compatibility with existing Loran-C/Chayka technology

6. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 6 Participants GAUSS is inclusive Recognise the value of radionavigation and timing systems using Loran-C/Chayka technologies Public providers Manufacturers of transmitting and receiving equipment Administrations and organisations with an interest in these systems Users of these systems. Membership in ILA is not required for participation in GAUSS

7. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 7 What Does GAUSS Do? (See ILA radionavigation policy at http://www.loran.org) GAUSS implements elements of ILA Radionavigation Position "We did a good thing when we retained Loran-C, reversing earlier plans" " We need it now, more than ever" "It's not your father's Loran-C any more" From "ILA radionavigation policy" Integrated systems need Loran-C in a satellite and terrestrial mix ILA advocates orderly progression in all regions worldwide Loran-C + data communications is necessary and critical to the future mix Benefits accrue when these systems are used in concert. Recent analyses and events re-validated the long-standing policy GAUSS standards proposed for regional/international use

8. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 8 Recent Meetings Fifth meeting: Bonn Germany, February 22-23, 2001 Completion of draft ITU-R M.589-2 revisions as assigned by NELS Sixth meeting: St Germain en Laye, France October 11-12, 2001 First meeting as special committee of ILA and with expanded TOR Stand by for news of upcoming events...

9. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 9 Everything Changed… or did it? The Volpe Vulnerability Report on GPS: "Volume 4" of the chronicle of the evolution away from Sole-Means GPS GPS still the centerpiece in the US, and available to the world Response to Volpe report from agencies with safety-critical applications Non-satellite alternatives desirable, and required in some applications Not a safety-policy change, but one of implementation

10. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 10 Navigation's Larger Picture In the US: DOT working group is preparing a requirements matrix System performance as a member of a system of systems Determine the best mix of systems Change: Aviation required to dispatch with two dissimilar systems Change: Upgraded Loran-C can "play" -- positioning and timing Upgrades in transmitting and receiving elements Aviation needs instrument approach performance Data transmission will be desirable In Europe: Moves toward Galileo underway Consideration of dissimilar integrated navigation services may follow. For international seamlessness where it's possible/desirable, standards are needed. GAUSS supports standards.

11. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 11 The US prepares to decide... From FAA ASD Presentation "Overview of Satellite Navigation Transition" CAASD Industry Day with Users May 7, 2002

12. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 12 GAUSS Activity update: Sixth meeting Received reports from representatives RTCM SC-104 IALA IEC TC-80 Working Group - test development arm of IMO SOLAS Recognized differences between Eurofix and U.S. LDC Technical and standardization Recognized receiver advances Modern signal processing, less hardware, more software GPS - like "all-in-view" processing emphasized Recognized system advances Modern Loran/Chayka can perform better existing standards require

13. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 13 Tighten up? …and if so, how much? Some Loran/Chayka systems routinely exceed standards, or are capable of performing considerably better than existing standards require. How much "headroom" can be captured for enhanced user performance? Must retain system provider flexibility, to protect availability GAUSS designated authors for a Technical Information Paper and companion Executive Summary, to make visible the current technical status of Loran-C/Chayka systems. A basis for the debate and discussion...

14. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 14 The Loran-C / Chayka Technical Information Paper Executive Summary and TIP are in editing now. For completion at GAUSS seventh meeting, June, 2002 Provide technically-correct information for a wide audience Look for final drafts for comment on ILA, GAUSS web sites (www.loran.org / www.gauss.tudelft.nl) Describe the systems, and call out regional differences Seek to standardize transmissions where possible Position, timing and digital data International scope Emphasis Loran-C data transmission methods A path toward specifications for enhanced performance

15. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 15 TIP Summary "Loran C and Chayka Services for the 21st Century" Background Loran-C and Chayka in the US, Northwest Europe (NELS), Far East RadioNavigation Service (FERNS), and Other regional services (Canada, Saudi Arabia, Russia) User Equipment Development encouraged, but awaits US DOT 2002 announcement Provider commitments to the system needed in US, Europe, elsewhere All-in-view, new methods for ASF corrections - Wales, US studies Interference, CDMA (cross-rate), H-field antennas; skywave performance improved by DSP Improvements to Infrastructure U.S. Program underway - clocks, timing, automated integrity alarm Potential for GPS/WAAS and Loran_C control functions broadcasts Loran-C sans SAMs? - U.S. considering TOE or selectable-reference options

16. May 15, 2002 RTCM 2002 Annual Assembly GAUSS Update 16 GAUSS Next Meetings Seventh meeting: Regensburg, Germany June 10, 2002 (The meeting is one day before the DGON Symposium "Integration of LORAN- C/EUROFIX and EGNOS/Galileo" (http://www.dgon.de/content/index.htm) to be held on June 11 and 12 in Regensburg.) One-day meeting - begins 10:00 Completion of Loran-C/Chayka Technical Information Paper and Executive Summary Planning for future work You are welcome - contact Chair, G.Offermans@reelektronika.nl Eighth meeting: Washington, DC, October 27 and 31, 2002 Associated with the annual meeting of the International Loran Association Information will be posted at http://www.loran.org