1. Perspectives on Learning Seminar STNE Research Dr Donald Gray STNE Director of Research

2. The Presentation Developing Teachers Pupil Gains Phase 1 research Phase 2 research

3. Developing Teachers The meaning of an effective teacher. Characteristics of an effective teacher.effective teacher How do we know a teacher is effective? What are pupil gains?pupil gains But many other factors linked to pupil gains.other factors A very complex scenario.complex scenario

4. Do we have effective teachers? OECD PISA 2006 Science – only 4 of 33 countries perform significantly better (14 less) – only one country has significantly more students scoring above Scotland at level 5 (Finland). Maths – 8 of 32 perform significantly better (11 less) Reading – only 5 0f 30 perform significantly better (11 less)

5. But … There is a gap between the highest and lowest scorers in Science. Compared to other countries, socio-economic status is a major determinant of attainment, Scottish students have neutral feelings about their abilities ….. ….and do not express a high level of interest in science.

6. A Systems Perspective …….we must understand the world both through the lenses of different framings (a constructivist perspective) and as objective realities (a positivist perspective). It is, we argue, the critical reflection on the interactions between such perspectives that is especially revealing. (Leach et al., 2007)

7. Globalisation (Mortimore, 2001) International comparisons show effects of – motivating staff, focusing on T&L, enhancing the physical environment, changing the culture of the school. However, while many similar strategies used, the different context meant similar actions did not always produce similar results. Improvements must fit the grain of society; indiscriminate borrowing from other cultures may not achieve the desired results; there is no quick fix for school improvement; change has to be carried out by the school itself.

8. School Improvement..there must be organization development because social or relationship resources are the key to school improvement. Thus, schools must combine individual development with the development of school-wide professional communities. (Fullan et al. 2001)

9. Every context is different … …the uniqueness of each classroom setting implies that any proposal needs to be tested and verified and adapted by each teacher in her or his own classroom. McIntyre (2005) The evidence indicates how teachers involvement and confidence can be built in expansive learning environments characterised by specialist support, collaborative working, and the development of mutual trust. Brown (2005)

10. Phase 1 research (2005-2007) Focus on course developments. Entry data – exit data to follow. Longitudinal study of 20 students Classroom observations Perceptions of stakeholders: students, teachers, university tutors. Baseline studies of Graduate experiences.

11. STNE Phase 2: 2007-2009 Continuation from phase 1: longitudinal case studies. Entry and exit data Embedding evidence-informed decisions in courses. Informing development of relationships and partnerships. Deepening and broadening through : comparison of data across all the ITE programmes. involvement and engagement with teachers supporting and taking forward specific projects.

12. Phase 2 Diagram Close focus on development of measures of a broad range of pupil gains. Support for reflective/reflexive practice with university staff, teachers in schools and course teams, drawing on evidence to support learning and teaching.

13. The Discussions Research requires acknowledgement of the complexity of education, of learning and teaching. The need for on-going reflection on practice, drawing on evidence, to inform: Partnership and Collaboration Support: - for students, teachers, headteachers and university staff Personal and Professional Development

14. A final thought …..never send a changed individual into an unchanged culture. Fullan, et al. (2001)

15. References Leach. M., Scoones, I. and Stirling, A. (2007) Pathways to Sustainability: an overview of the STEPS Centre approach, STEPS Approach Paper, Brighton: STEPS Centre. Fullan, M.; Rolheiser, C.; Mascall, B.; Edge, K. (2001) Accomplishing Large Scale Reform: A Tri-level Proposition. Available on-line at: http://www.michaelfullan.ca/Articles_01/11_01.pdf. Last accessed 12.03.08 http://www.michaelfullan.ca/Articles_01/11_01.pdf Mortimore, P. (2001). Globalisation, effectiveness and improvement. School Effectiveness and Improvement, 12 (2), 229-249. Brown, S. (2005) How can research inform ideas of good practice in teaching? The contributions of some official initiatives in the UK. Cambridge Journal of Education Vol. 35, No. 3, November 2005, pp. 383–405 McIntyre, Donald (2005) Bridging the gap between research and practice Cambridge Journal of Education Vol. 35, No. 3, November 2005, pp. 357– 382