1. Overview of the PNG National Micronutrient Survey

2. Steps for survey workers  Training  Travel to clusters  Introduction to local leaders  Selection of households  Visiting households Consent Interviews Anthropometric measurements Laboratory testing and collection of specimens

3. Sampling - Definition What is sampling? Sampling is the process of selecting a number of subjects from all the subjects in the population.

4. Sampling - Definition A sample is the selected subset of subjects. What is a sample?

5. Sampling - Purpose Why do sampling? Sample because we cannot measure every person in the population.

6. Sampling - Goal What is the goal of sampling? The goal of sampling is to estimate some measure in the larger population.

7. Sampling - Goal What is necessary to achieve this goal? To estimate some measure in the larger population, the sample must be representative of that larger population.

8. Sampling - Goal Regardless of the sampling method, if the sample is not representative, it tells you nothing about the population. Remember this point!

9. Sampling Why don't we weigh and measure every child and woman in Papua New Guinea?

10. Sampling Population of Papua New Guinea (2000 census) 726,680 children less than 5 years of age 1,298,503 women 15-49 years of age 13 women and 13 children per day per team with 6 teams would take 16,648 days or 45.6 years

11. Sampling How do we select households to include in the survey? Random sampling

12. Sampling Selecting individuals or households so that no person has any influence on which individuals or households are selected. What is random sampling?

13. Regions of Papua New Guinea Southern Momase Highlands Island

14. 2-stage sampling Region of PNG CU 1 CU 8 CU 2CU 3CU 4 CU 5CU 6CU 7 HH 1HH 2HH 3HH 4HH 5HH 6HH 7HH 8HH 9HH 10HH 11HH 12HH 13 HH 14HH 15HH 16HH 17HH 18HH 19HH 20HH 21HH 22HH 23HH 24HH 25

15. List of all census units in PNG

16. Selected census units

17. Selecting households How do we select households in each selected census unit?  Make list of all households in census unit  Randomly select the number of households needed  Visit each selected household

18. Simple random sampling Household Smith Pfeiffer Anderson Timmer Huff Hunt Parvanta Grummer-Strawn Bobrow Cooper Random number table 7678 2352 6959 1937 2554 6804 9098 4316 4318 2346 7276 1880 7136 9603 0163 3152 7000 2865 8357 4475 9804 0042 1106 7949 2932 9958 9582 2235 1140 1164 7841 1688 4097 8995 5030 1785 5420 0125 4953 1332 5540 6278 1584 4392 3258 1374 1617 7427 Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 (Draw sample of 5 people)

19. Simple random sampling Household Smith Pfeiffer Anderson Timmer Huff Hunt Parvanta Grummer-Strawn Bobrow Cooper Random number table 7648 2352 6959 1937 2554 6804 9098 4316 4318 2346 7276 1880 7136 9603 0163 3152 7000 2865 8357 4475 9804 0042 1106 7949 2932 9958 9582 2235 1140 1164 7841 1688 4097 8995 5030 1785 5420 0125 4953 1332 5540 6278 1584 4392 3258 1374 1617 7427 Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 (Draw sample of 5 people)

20. Simple random sampling (select 20 households) 1 Iwais M 2 Teiaba C 3 Marau G 4 Aaron L 5 Oksen V 6 Pinpin B 7 Mabong P 8 Ngatia T 9 Gunure N 10 Agua C 11 Mogina W 12 Aulakua W 13 Wasoraba C 14 Zonggonau M 15 Tobena M 16 Mabong F 17 Yaman H 18 Bagita J 19 Baria M 20 Harekin J 21 Awalum E 22 Douna B 23 Guba V 24 Posou P 25 Huape H 26 Makaen J 27 Veia D 28 Hainapa B 29 Narakine G 30 Haung E 31 Tito M 32 Pasi N 33 Kapua K 34 Tulia R 35 Koddy F 36 Tulia E 37 Tripp K 38 Bowen B 39 Temple V 40 Bowen B

21. Simple random sampling (select 20 households) 1 Iwais M 2 Teiaba C 3 Marau G 4 Aaron L 5 Oksen V 6 Pinpin B 7 Mabong P 8 Ngatia T 9 Gunure N 10 Agua C 11 Mogina W 12 Aulakua W 13 Wasoraba C 14 Zonggonau M 15 Tobena M 16 Mabong F 17 Yaman H 18 Bagita J 19 Baria M 20 Harekin J 21 Awalum E 22 Douna B 23 Guba V 24 Posou P 25 Huape H 26 Makaen J 27 Veia D 28 Hainapa B 29 Narakine G 30 Haung E 31 Tito M 32 Pasi N 33 Kapua K 34 Tulia R 35 Koddy F 36 Tulia E 37 Tripp K 38 Bowen B 39 Temple V 40 Bowen B Random number table 3640 2352 6959 1937 2554 6804 9098 4316 4318 2346 7276 1880 7136 9603 0163 3152 7000 2865 8357 4475 9804 0042 1106 7949 2932 9958 9582 2235 1140 1164 7841 1688 4097 8995 5030 1785 5420 0125 4953 1332 5540 6278 1584 4392 3258 1374 1617 7427 3320 8788 7658 9615 9862 7960 8140 6807 8077 2065 2560 2091 8921 0970 3134 8441

22. Simple random sampling (select 20 households) 1 Iwais M 2 Teiaba C 3 Marau G 4 Aaron L 5 Oksen V 6 Pinpin B 7 Mabong P 8 Ngatia T 9 Gunure N 10 Agua C 11 Mogina W 12 Aulakua W 13 Wasoraba C 14 Zonggonau M 15 Tobena M 16 Mabong F 17 Yaman H 18 Bagita J 19 Baria M 20 Harekin J 21 Awalum E 22 Douna B 23 Guba V 24 Posou P 25 Huape H 26 Makaen J 27 Veia D 28 Hainapa B 29 Narakine G 30 Haung E 31 Tito M 32 Pasi N 33 Kapua K 34 Tulia R 35 Koddy F 36 Tulia E 37 Tripp K 38 Bowen B 39 Temple V 40 Bowen B Random number table 3640 2352 6959 1937 2554 6804 9098 4316 4318 2346 7276 1880 7136 9603 0163 3152 7000 2865 8357 4475 9804 0042 1106 7949 2932 9958 9582 2235 1140 1164 7841 1688 4097 8995 5030 1785 5420 0125 4953 1332 5540 6278 1584 4392 3258 1374 1617 7427 3320 8788 7658 9615 9862 7960 8140 6807 8077 2065 2560 2091 8921 0970 3134 8441 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Selected households

23. Simple random sampling (select 20 households) 1 Iwais M 2 Teiaba C 3 Marau G 4 Aaron L 5 Oksen V 6 Pinpin B 7 Mabong P 8 Ngatia T 9 Gunure N 10 Agua C 11 Mogina W 12 Aulakua W 13 Wasoraba C 14 Zonggonau M 15 Tobena M 16 Mabong F 17 Yaman H 18 Bagita J 19 Baria M 20 Harekin J 21 Awalum E 22 Douna B 23 Guba V 24 Posou P 25 Huape H 26 Makaen J 27 Veia D 28 Hainapa B 29 Narakine G 30 Haung E 31 Tito M 32 Pasi N 33 Kapua K 34 Tulia R 35 Koddy F 36 Tulia E 37 Tripp K 38 Bowen B 39 Temple V 40 Bowen B 1Tulia E 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Selected households Random number table 3640 2352 6959 1937 2554 6804 9098 4316 4318 2346 7276 1880 7136 9603 0163 3152 7000 2865 8357 4475 9804 0042 1106 7949 2932 9958 9582 2235 1140 1164 7841 1688 4097 8995 5030 1785 5420 0125 4953 1332 5540 6278 1584 4392 3258 1374 1617 7427 3320 8788 7658 9615 9862 7960 8140 6807 8077 2065 2560 2091 8921 0970 3134 8441

24. Simple random sampling (select 20 households) 1 Iwais M 2 Teiaba C 3 Marau G 4 Aaron L 5 Oksen V 6 Pinpin B 7 Mabong P 8 Ngatia T 9 Gunure N 10 Agua C 11 Mogina W 12 Aulakua W 13 Wasoraba C 14 Zonggonau M 15 Tobena M 16 Mabong F 17 Yaman H 18 Bagita J 19 Baria M 20 Harekin J 21 Awalum E 22 Douna B 23 Guba V 24 Posou P 25 Huape H 26 Makaen J 27 Veia D 28 Hainapa B 29 Narakine G 30 Haung E 31 Tito M 32 Pasi N 33 Kapua K 34 Tulia R 35 Koddy F 36 Tulia E 37 Tripp K 38 Bowen B 39 Temple V 40 Bowen B 1Tulia E 2Bowen B 3Guba V 4Baria M 5Tripp K 6Huape H 7Aaron L 8Mabong F 9Bagita J 10Marau G 11Iwais M 12Tito M 13Hainapa B 14Mogina W 15Pinpin B 16Narakine G 17Pasi N 18Douna B 19Koddy F 20Haung E Selected households Random number table 3640 2352 6959 1937 2554 6804 9098 4316 4318 2346 7276 1880 7136 9603 0163 3152 7000 2865 8357 4475 9804 0042 1106 7949 2932 9958 9582 2235 1140 1164 7841 1688 4097 8995 5030 1785 5420 0125 4953 1332 5540 6278 1584 4392 3258 1374 1617 7427 3320 8788 7658 9615 9862 7960 8140 6807 8077 2065 2560 2091 8921 0970 3134 8441

25. Household listing form

26. Cluster control form

27. Random number table

28. Possible problems Problem  Village too small (has less than 20 households)  Village too big to make household list Solution  Include as many households as possible Add next closest village  Segmentation before listing

30. 150 120 170 190 40 70 130 220 60 SEGMENT A SEGMENT G SEGMENT I SEGMENT H SEGMENT E SEGMENT D SEGMENT C SEGMENT B SEGMENT F

31. Random number from random number table - 0163 SegmentPopulationCumulative population Range Segment A 150 0-150 Segment B 190320151- 320 Segment C 170490321-490 Segment D 120610490 - 610 Segment E 130740611 - 740 Segment F 70810741 - 810 Segment G 40850811 - 850 Segment A 2201070851 - 1070 Segment I 6011301071 - 1130

32. Who to include in the survey  All children 6-59 months of age in selected households  All women 15-49 years of age in every second household  All men 18 years of age and above in every second household

33. How to tell which households to enroll women and men

34. Sampling  Team leaders will receive more detailed training in household sampling

35. Procedures in each household Introduce yourself Obtain consents Interview head of HH Interview mother Interview man Measure women, men, and children Collect lab specimens Process lab specimens Clean up and depart

36. What if no one is at home?  Ask neighbors or others where family is  If family gone temporarily, return later  If family still not home, return again the next day  If family not home on third visit, complete household checklist "Not at home"

37. Culturally Diverse Pictures for Use in Various Training Settings

38. Introduce yourself to household

39. Interview

43. Anthropometric measurements

52. Collecting laboratory specimens

56. Blood spots on filter paper

57. Collecting laboratory specimens

59. Logistics  Travel by air to outlying areas  Focal point in each province will maintain stock of supplies and equipment  Teams should carry enough supplies for 3 clusters  Return to focal point when need resupply