2. International Mobile Telecommunication-2000 (IMT-2000) An Introduction

3. In this presentation… Wireless Generations What is IMT-2000 What IMT-2000 offers Key features and objectives Spectrum for IMT-2000 Technologies for IMT-2000 Migration paths Future Trends

4. MOBILE COMMUNICATION 1946 - 1960s 1980s 1990s 2000s Appeared 1G 2G 3G Analog Digital Digital MultiMulti Unified Standard Standard Standard Terrestrial Terrestrial Terr. & Sat

5. MOBILE COMMUNICATION 1 G -analog (cellular revolution) - only mobile voice services WIRELESS GENERATIONS 2 G - digital (breaking digital barrier) - mostly for voice services & data delivery possible 3 G - Voice & data ( breaking data barrier) - Mainly for data services where voice sevices will also be possible Beyond 3G -Wide band OFDM ? - But surely higher data rates

6. MOBILE COMMUNICATION No Global standards No common frequency band Low information bit rates LIMITATIONS OF 2nd GENERATION SYSTEMS Low voice quality No support of Video Various categories of systems to meet specific requirements

7. MOBILE COMMUNICATION INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000. ( IMT-2000) IMT  A FUTURE STANDARD IN WHICH A SINGLE INEXPENSIVE MOBILE TERMINAL CAN TRUELY PROVIDE COMMUNICATIONS ANY TIME AND ANY WHERE THIRD GENERATION (3 G ) STANDARD

8. MOBILE COMMUNICATION INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000. ( IMT-2000) PROVISIONING OF THESE SERVICES OVER WIDE RANGE OF USER DENSITIES AND COVERAGE AREAS. (In-building, Urban, Sub-urban, Global) EFFICIENT USE OF RADIO SPECTRUM CONSISTENT WITH PROVIDING SERVICE AT ACCEPTABLE COSY. IMT-2000 SHALL COVER APPLICATION AREAS PRESENTLY PROVIDED BY SEPERATELY SYSTEMS I.E CELLULAR, CORDLESS AND PAGING etc A HIGH DEGREE OF COMMONALITY OF DESIGN WORLDWIDE A MODULAR STRUCTURE WHICH WILL ALLOW THE SYSTEM TO GROW IN SIZE AND COMPLEXITY

9. IMT-2000 KEY FEATURES INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000. ( IMT-2000) ITU’s VISION FOR THIRD GENERATION MOBILE SYSTEM SINGLE UNIFIED STANDARD (Data & Multimedia Services) ANYWHERE, ANYTIME COMMUNICATION ACROSS NETWORKS, ACROSS TECHNOLOGIES, SEAMLESS OPERATION USING A SMALL POCKET TERMINAL WORLDWIDE. HIGH SPEED ACCESS 144KB/S, 384 KB/S & 2MB/S FAST WIRELESS ACCESS TO INTERNET FULL MOTION VIDEOPHONE TERRESTRIAL & SATELLITE COMPONETS

10. IMT-2000 will provide.. Enhanced voice quality, ubiquitous coverage and enable operators to provide service at reasonable cost Increased network efficiency and capacity New voice and data services and capabilities An orderly evolution path from 2G to 3G systems to protect investments.

11. IMT -DS (Direct Spread) : W-CDMA UTRA FDD IMT -MC (Multi Carrier) : CDMA 2000 IMT-TC ( Time Code) : TD -SCDMA UTRA TDD IMT -SC ( Single Carrier ) : UWC - 136 IMT-FT (Frequency Time) : DECT  PAIRED DS/ MC/SC ; UNPAIRED TDD  FURTHER HARMONIZATION In Process UTRA : UTMS Terrestrial Radio Access UMTS :Universal Mobile Telecommunication System IMT TECHNOLOGIES ITU has finally narrowed down technology options to the following five:

12. IMT-DSIMT-MCIMT-TCIMT-SCIMT-FT WCDMACDMA2000 1X/3X TDMACDMAFDMA CDMA-TDDUWC-136FDMA/TDMA DECT Technologies for IMT-2000 IMT-2000 TERRESTRIAL RADIO INTERFACES

13. MOBILE COMMUNICATION IMT standards development involves extensive collaboration between many different organizations Today’s operators need seamless 2G 3G Many Focus groups have been established by industry  2 G operators GSM ; CDG,UWCC, DECT forum  3 G Groups UMTS Forum, OHG  Focus group for IP-based 3G architecture (3G. IP)  SDOs created 3G PP (Partnership Projects) SDO Standards Development Organizations IMT-2000 HARMONIZATION IS ON-GOING

14. Migration Path While a multiplicity of 2G standards have been developed and deployed, the ITU wanted to avoid a similar situation to develop for 3G. Hence, the ITU Radio communication Sector (ITU-R) has elaborated on a framework for a global set of 3G standards, which will facilitate global roaming by operating in a common core spectrum and providing migration path from all the major existing 2G technologies. The major 2G Radio access networks are based on either CDMA One or GSM technologies and different migration path is proposed for each of these technologies.

15. GSM GPRS EDGE PDC CdmaOne TDMA IS-136 TDMA/ GPRS TDMA/ EDGE Cdma 2000 WCDMA IMT-2000 CPABLE SYSTEMS 2000 EVOLVED 2G 64-115 Kbps TODAY 2G 19.2 Kbps 3G 115-384 Kbps 0.384-2 Mbps

16. Evolution from GSM to 3G GSM 2G HSCSD GPRS 2.5G EDGE 3G

17. GSM Evolution GPRS 200 KHz carrier 115 Kbps peak data rates EDGE 200 KHz carrier Data rates up to 384 Kbps 8-PSK modulation Higher symbol rate UMTS 5 MHz carrier 2 Mbps peak data rates New IMT-2000 2 GHz spectrum GSM 200 KHz carrier 8 full-rate time slots 16 half-rate time slots GSMGPRS EDGE UMTS 3G 2.5G 2G HSCSD Circuit-switched data 64 Kbps peak data rates

18. EDGE Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution Next step towards 3G for GSM/GPRS Networks Increased data rated up to 384 Kbps by bundling up to 8 channels of 48 Kbps/channel GPRS is based on modulation technique known as GMSK EDGE is based on a new modulation scheme that allows a much higher bit rate across the air-interface called 8PSK modulation. Since 8PSK will be used for UMTS, network operators will be required to introduce this at some stage before migration to 3G.

19. GSM GPRS EDGE PDC CdmaOne TDMA IS-136 TDMA/ GPRS TDMA/ EDGE Cdma 2000 WCDMA IMT-2000 CPABLE SYSTEMS 2000 EVOLVED 2G 64-115 Kbps TODAY 2G 19.2 Kbps 3G 115-384 Kbps 0.384-2 Mbps

20. New modified router Software Upgrade01010 01010 New Software01010 New Software01010 01010 MSC PSTN BSC BTS GSM Network SGSN WWW Enterprise Network VPN IP Backbone Adding GPRS Data GGSN GPRS Backbone New Equipment BSC BSC Upgrade New Terminal New cell sites (in some cases) Modem Pool BTS Software Upgrade 01010 BSC Upgrade New Software 0101 0 New Software 0101 0 New Software 01010 MSC PSTN BSC BTS SGSN WWW Enterprise Network VPN IP Backbone GGSN GPRS Backbone New modified router New Equipment BSC New Terminal New cell sites (in some cases) Modem Pool BTS 3G Data Backbone 3G GGSN W-CDMA BSC 3G SGSN New Equipment & Software New Equipment & Software W-CDMA BTS New Terminal Adding W-CDMA

21. GSM to UMTS GSM BTS GSM BSC GSM MSC PDN, (e.g. Internet) GPRS Core GPRS Core GbGb A bis A PSTN, ISDN Integrated UMTS Core Integrated UMTS Core UMTS BTS UMTS BSC UMTS Access Network I u-r GsGs IuIu I ubis Other PLMN GSM Elements UMTS Elements Service Creation/ Mgmt.

22. GSM to 3G GSM can be upgraded for higher data rate upto 115 Kbps through deploying GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network.This requires addition of two core modules –SGSN (Serving GPRS Service Node) –GGSN (Gateway GPRS Service Node) GSM radio access network is connected to SGSN through suitable interfaces. GPRS phase-II will support higher data rates up to 384 Kbps through incorporating EDGE ( Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution).

23. GSM to 3G Further, to support data rates up to 2 Mbps, Third Generation radio access network (3G RAN) W-CDMA is deployed. 3G RAN is connected to GSM MSC for circuit oriented services and to SGSN for packet oriented services (internet access). Therefore the migration path can be represented as : GSM GPRSW-CDMA.

24. GSM Voice 9.6 kbps IS-136 Voice 9.6 kbps GSM GPRS 30-40 kbps Packet RF Backward Comp. PDC Voice 9.6 kbps PDC Voice 28.8 kbps RF Backward Comp. W-CDMA (Japan) IS-95-A Voice 14.4 kbps 2.4 Mbps Packet RF Backward Comp. Higher Cap Voice/ Data RF Backward Comp. 1xEV-DO1xEV-DV 199519992000200120022003 384 kbps Packet Edge (Europe) Edge (US) W-CDMA High Capacity Voice 384+ kbps Packet New RF IS-95-B Voice 64 kbps Packet RF Backward Comp. cdma2000 1X MC High Capacity Voice 153 kbps Packet RF Backward Comp. cdma2000 3X MC High Capacity Voice 384+ kbps Packet RF Backward Comp. MIGRATION PATH

25. Migration Summarized In terms of migration of major 2G system to 3G capabilities, there would finally be 3 modes of CDMA-based radio interfaces (MC-CDMA, W- CDMA and CDMA-TDD) and two `TDMA based radio interfaces (UWC-136 and DECT). Considerable work is being carried out in respect of W-CDMA and CDMA 2000 worldwide. All European countries are expected to deploy W-CDMA as they have GSM based networks. While other countries such as Japan, Korea, USA etc. are likely to use CDMA-2000 or W-CDMA.

26. MOBILE COMMUNICATION FUTURE TRENDS FUTURE HIGH- SPEED WIRELESS DATA NEEDS 2 - 10 Mb/s packet data rates with wide spread macro-cellular coverage Ability to allocate maximum resources to individual cells in sub-second time. Less transmitted powers Further Reduction in cost

27. IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES * MINIMUM SPECTRUM PER OPERATOR * NO. OF OPERATORS * SERVICE AREA OF OPERATION * LICENCING METHOD * TECHNOLOGY * INTERCONNECTION ARRANGEMENTS

28. EXISTING USERS IMT-2000 BAND IS 1885-2025AND 2110-2200 MHz PRESENTLY 1800-2000 MHz BAND IS WITH DEFENCE 2000-2200 MHz IS USED BY BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM/MTNL FOR POINT TO POINT MICROWAVE LINKS WPCC TO COORDINATE WITH USERS FOR VACATING THESE BANDS