1. GET READY! GET YOUR HANDOUTS GRAB A TEXT BOOK HAVE A PENCIL READY SIT DOWN! WE’LL BE STARTING SOON!

2. SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY? P. 10

3. SCIENTIFIC METHOD WHAT STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD DID SHELDON AND LEONARD USE?

4. CASE STUDY – MINNEAPOLIS BRIDGE STEP ONE – QUESTION STEP TWO – HYPOTHESIS STEP THREE – TEST IT STEP FOUR – ANALYZE RESULTS STEP FIVE – DRAW A CONCLUSION STEP SIX – COMMUNICATION

5. MINNEAPOLIS BRIDGE COLLAPSE WHAT HAPPENED TO THE BRIDGE IN MINNEAPOLIS? WHY WAS THE 2007 BRIDGE FAILURE A SURPRISE WHAT CAN A SCIENTIST LEARN FORM STUDYING ACCIDENTS? WHAT HYPOTHESIS WOULD YOU TEST FIRST?

6. EXPERIMENTS THE HYPOTHESIS MUST BE TESTED!

7. IDENTIFYING VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS VARIABLE ANY FACTOR THAT CAN HAVE MORE THAN ONE VALUE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE – THE FACTOR THAT YOU WANT TO TEST DEPENDENT VARIABLE – THE FACTOR YOU OBSERVE OR MEASURE CONSTANTS THE FACTORS IN AN EXPERIMENT THAT DO NOT CHANGE THINK – PAIR – SHARE HOW ARE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES RELATED TO EACH OTHER IN EXPERIMENTS? WHAT MIGHT BE THE INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES IN AN EXPERIMENT ABOUT A BRIDGE COLLAPSE?

8. EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS EXPERIMENTAL GROUP THIS GROUP IS USED TO DETERMINE HOW A CHANGE IN THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE CHANGES THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE. CONTROL GROUP THIS GROUP CONTAINS THE SAME FACTORS AS THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP, BUT THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS NOT CHANGED. QUESTION WHY DO EXPERIMENTS NEED A CONTROL GROUP?

9. GATHERING INFORMATION AND DATA QUALITATIVE DATA USES WORDS TO DESCRIBE WHAT IS OBSERVED QUANTITATIVE DATA USES NUMBERS TO DESCRIBE WHAT IS OBSERVED WHY WOULD QUANTITATIVE DATA BE MORE HELPFUL IN THE BRIDGE INVESTIGATION? HOW CAN QUALITATIVE DATA BE HELPFUL IN AN INVESTIGATION?

10. SKIM PAGES 25-28 IN YOUR TEXT BOOK What quantitative and qualitative data did scientists discover? What was their conclusion based on their observations? BRIDGE FAILURE AND OBSERVATIONS ASKING QUESTIONS GATHERING INFORMATION AND DATA AN EARLY HYPOTHESIS COMPUTER MODELING REVISING THE HYPOTHESIS TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS

11. ANALYZE YOUR DATA WHAT ARE YOUR RESULTS AND WHAT DO THEY MEAN?

12. ANALYZING THE RESULTS TO WHAT DOES DEMAND-TO-CAPACITY RATIO REFER? WHY DID INVESTIGATORS CALCULATE THE DEMAND-TO-CAPACITY RATIO FOR EACH OF THE MAIN GUSSET PLATES? WHAT DID THE RESULTS OF THE CALCULATIONS FOR THE GUSSET PLATES REVEAL? WHY ARE EVALUATION AND TESTING IMPORTANT IN THE DESIGN PROCESS?

13. FINALLY – APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS AND COMMUNICATION GIVE THREE EXAMPLES OF THE SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY PROCESS THAT WERE USED IN THIS INVESTIGATION. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT THAT THE RESULTS WERE COMMUNICATED WITH OTHERS? The new Minneapolis bridge!

14. 5 YEARS AFTER THE TRAGEDY WHAT GOOD CAME FROM INVESTIGATING THE TRAGEDY? NOW FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT CASE STUDY COMMUNICATING RESEARCH RESULTS DUE FRIDAY!