1. An effective memory method in music learning for primary 5 students LEE TUNG YIU

2. Purpose To find an effective way to enhance music appreciation Students can have an ability to handle the tests.

3. Hypothesis experimental Approach

4. Step1 Finding two independent variables 1)Repeated exercising memory method 2)Pictorial memory method

5. Step2 Choosing three types of music appreciation, Composer:1) Bach 2)Beethoven 3)Mozart Methodology: 1)Randomly finding 2 class of pupils 2)30 members in each of the class 3)using pre-test post-test control group design 4)Timing : 4 lessons

6. Step3 Finding journals, books, references: as follow…… Repeated exercising memory method ~ Skinner Pictorial memory method ~ Kodaly and Carl Orff

7. Step4 Setting Hypothesis: 1.The null hypothesis is the repeated memory method is not effective. 2.The null hypothesis is the pictorial memory method is not effective 3.To proof which memory method is better

8. Pre-test & post-test Listen the playings carefully and find their suitable orders. BachBeethovenMozart 1.________________ 2.__________________ 3._________________

9. Lesson Repeated exercising memory method CDs playing with explanation~ 1)Bach : Air on a G string( Orchestral Suite No.3) 2) Beethoven: Symphony No.9 3) Mozart: Symphony No.40

10. Lesson Pictorial memory method Materials with discussion~ (Bach, Beethoven, Mozart) Using stories, comic readings, hand drafts

12. Result Repeated method 60% increase in marks (Compare post-test and pre-test) Pictorial method 80% increase in marks( Compare post- test and pre- test)

13. Conclusion Pictorial memory method is more effective than repeated exercising memory method in music appreciation

14. Control for experimenter bias The difficulty between two tests is mostly the same. The answering sequence : E.g. Pre –test: 1. Beethoven, 2. Bach 3. Morzart Post –test: 1. Bach,2 Morzart 3.Beethoven

15. Reference Gray E. McPherson (1994). Literature Review: 3a Memory, Cognition and Musical Performance, School of Music and Music Education, University of New South Wales Dowling, W. J., & Fujitani, D. S. (1971).Contour, interval and pitch recognition in memory for melodies. Journal of Acoustical Society of America 2(2), 524-531 Fincher, B. (1983), 《 The effects of playing the melody by rote during the prestudy procedure upon sight reading skill development of beginning class piano students 》. Doctoral dissertation, University of Oklahoma Froseth, J. & Blaser, A. (1980), 《 Studies in creative musicianship:Ear training for musical improvisation Levels 1&2 》,Chicago:G.I.A.Publications Kraturs, J. K.(1985), 《 Rhythm, melody, motive, and phrase characteristics of original songs by children aged five to thirteen. 》,Doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University.

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