1. 3.Types of tissue a. Muscle 1)controls the internal movement of materials such as blood 2)controls the external movements of the entire body b. Epithelial 1)cover the surface of the body (skin) and line internal organs 2)Provides a barrier & prevents leakage c. Connective 1)holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together. 2)Ex: tendons connect bones to muscles and ligaments join bones to bones d. Nervous 1)receives messages from the body’s external and internal environments, analyzes the data, and directs the response

2. 4.Transplants a.T cells make organ transplants difficult b.When an organ is transplanted, your immune system recognizes as “foreign” (as an antigen) and attacks it  organ rejection c.To prevent organ rejection, doctors search for a donor whose cell markers are almost identical to the patient who needs the organ

3. IV. Immune System Disorders A.Allergies 1.Overreaction of the immune system to allergens (ex: pollen, dust balls, dust mites) 2.Allergens attach to cells that release histamines which increase blood flow and fluids a.result  sneezing, running nose, watery eyes

4. B.Asthma 1.Chronic respiratory disease in which air passages have become narrower than normal 2.Wheezing, coughing, & difficulty breathing 3.Triggered by infections, exercise, emotional stress, or environmental conditions C.Autoimmune Diseases 1.The immune system makes a mistake and attacks the body’s own cells 2.Ex: type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis 3.Treatment – medications, ex: insulin shots for type I diabetes

5. More than 25 million people have died of AIDS since 1981. Africa has 12 million AIDS orphans. By December 2005, women accounted for 46% of all adults living with HIV worldwide, and for 57% in sub- Saharan Africa. Young people (15-24 years old) account for half of all new HIV infections worldwide - more than 6,000 become infected with HIV every day. Of the 6.5 million people in developing and transitional countries who need life-saving AIDS drugs, only 1 million are receiving them.

6. V. Environment & Health A.Air and water quality, poisonous wastes in landfills, and exposure to solar radiation affect your health B.Air Quality 1.Carbon Monoxide – CO, odorless gas produced when compounds are burned a.Found in automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, furnaces 2.Ozone – O 3 is near ground level when air is stagnant 3.Airborne particles – allergens, lead, asbestos

7. C.Water Quality 1.Biological pollutants, such as animal wastes, contain bacteria & viruses 2.Chemical pollutants can cause organ or DNA damage D.Bioterrorism 1.International use of biological agents to disable or kill individuals 2.Release of infectious agents (ex: anthrax) or spread of toxic compounds (ex: botulinus toxin)

8. E.Cancer 1.Cells multiply uncontrollably and destroy healthy tissue 2.Causes of Cancer a.Inherited, caused by viruses, or mutations in DNA caused by chemicals or radiation b.Carcinogen – an agent that triggers mutations of DNA in normal cells causing cancer 1)Cigarette smoke is responsible for ½ the cancers in the U.S.! 2)Radiation – sunlight, X-rays, & nuclear radiation that cause mutations in DNA

9. 3.Treating Cancer a.Surgery, radiation therapy, drug therapy 4.Preventing cancer a.early detection has higher successful treatment rates b.regular checkups with your doctor and self examination for skin, breast, or testicular cancer c.protect your body from agents that cause cancer d.eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains