1. Labor Strikes Unions at Work

2. The Labor Conflict Turns Violent: the Haymarket Affair Chicago, May 3, 1886: Union strikers locked out of McCormick Harvester Co. Replaced with strikebreakers Violence erupted between union, strikebreakers, & police Striker died; Union called for meeting in Haymarket Square

3. Many of the workers were German, like a lot of people in Chicago. “Arm Yourself and Appear in Full Force!”

5. May 4: Bomb thrown at Haymarket Square 7 police killed 60 people wounded Police open fire on crowd 100 people wounded Chicago police arrest hundreds Union leaders Socialists Anarchists Union membership drops

6. Two Views of the Riot “Lady Justice Deals with Anarchist Agitator”, 1886 “Justice Hurling a Bomb”

7. Today there is a monument in Haymarket Square to the “Haymarket Martyrs”- the original statue, to honor the police, was destroyed in 1927, rebuilt, and moved

8. Homestead Strike, 1892 Carnegie reduced wages at steel mills in Homestead, PA Workers went on strike & were locked out Replaced with nonunion labor & 300 armed guards July 6: Violence broke out between strikers & guards, killing 12 people PA militia escorted scab workers Strike collapsed after 4 months The PA militia separating the strikers (left) from the nonunion workers

9. Pullman Strike, 1894 Bad economy- Pullman Palace Car Company cut wages by $.25 but did not cut rent in company housing; workers struck Eugene V. Debs called for boycott of Pullman cars; rail traffic stopped President Cleveland called out army to end strike; Debs arrested

10. In re: Debs Debs arrested for contempt of court for refusing obey injunction to end Pullman Strike Appeal reached Supreme Court 9-0 decision: U.S. government allowed to issue injunction via Commerce Clause of Constitution Debs speaking to the striking Pullman workers