1. World’s consumption of natural oils and fats 1991 79.2 million tons 2001 117 million tons Malaysia Indonesia Argentina = Producers

5. Surfactants

10. Classification of Surfactants

30. Encapsulation systems Liposome:Lipid bilayer enclosing an aqueous core Lipid nanoparticle: Lipid monolayer enclosing a solid lipid core Solid particles stabilizing an emulsion Polymeric nanoparticle Nanoemulsion: Lipid monolayer enclosing a liquid lipid core

33. Emulsion R > 100 nm Drop size grows continuously with time leading to phase separation. (Thermodynamically unstable) Require input work to make. Milky appearance Microemulsion R~ 5-50 nm Ultra low interfacial tension between oil and water. (Thermodynamically stable) Spontaneous formation at right condition. (Composition dependent) Translucent appearance.