1. Totalitarianism
Ch. 23

2. Totalitarianism Definition: Tools of Totalitarian government
Form of government in which all societal resources are monopolized by the government. Total control over the population.
Tools of Totalitarian government
Propaganda
Police terror
Censorship
Indoctrination

3. The State Fascist Model Power Here
State casts aside all who do not serve its purpose
State =
eternal,
lasting I
Individual =
temporary, expendable
Individual exists to
serve the State (a tool)

4. Conditions that helped to bring about Totalitarian regimes in Europe

5. The Treaty of Versailles
Which countries were represented at the Versailles negotiations?
Italy, France, United States, England
Who was missing?
Germany and Russia
What were the terms of the Treaty?
Germany takes on all responsibility for the War (War Guilt Clause)
Germany must give up land
Germany must reduce its army
Germany must pay billions of dollars to the allies
The map of Europe is drastically altered as a result of the War and the Treaty…

6. Pre World War I Map

7. Post World War I Map

8. How did changes in the Map of Europe affect Russia, Italy and Germany?
Russia did not regain land lost to Germany
Italy did not gain land even though they were part of the winning side
Germany lost territory and felt vulnerable

9. Our Big Three
The terms of the Treaty help set conditions that led to the rise of…

10. Stalin and the Soviet Union
Lenin founded the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution in 1917
Stalin succeeded Lenin
Referred to as the Grey Blur
Postponed Lenin’s plans for a global communist revolution in order to secure the Soviet Union
Several Five Year Plans to help the Soviet Union compete with the West
Killed many of his top aides and advisors as well as any people who opposed his rule

11. Mussolini’s Italy Founded a fascist regime in the 1920s
Pursued the idea of Mare Nostrum to create a new Italian Empire
Army was ill-equipped for war
Bound to Hitler
Used Balcony speeches to rally the masses to his cause

12. Hitler’s Germany Arrested after failed Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch.
Wrote Mein Kampf in jail
Felt the Weimar officials had stabbed Germany in the Back
Blamed Weimar Republic, communists, Jews and the French for Germany’s Problems
Helps start National Socialist Party (Nazi ) and makes name for himself with charismatic speaking.

13. Hitler’s Germany cont.
Hyperinflation of the 1920s helped set conditions for Hitler’s Nazis to take control.
1932- Nazis finish strongly in elections
President Hindenburg appoints Hitler Chancellor
Hindenburg dies and Hitler takes over
Birth of the Third Reich

15. Hitler’s Three Main Goals
1) Destroy his opponents in Germany.
2) Make Germany the strongest country in Europe by expanding its borders.
3) “Purify" Germany—and then Europe—of "racial enemies" and establish Aryans as the "master race."

16. Steps toward “purifying” Germany
November 9-10, 1938-Kristellnacht “Night of broken glass” Jewish businesses throughout Germany and Austria destroyed. Thousands of Jews beaten, rounded up and sent to concentration camps.
More and more restrictions placed on Jews:
curfews, business restrictions , banned from parks, schools, etc.
1939-Yellow Star of David badge first required to be warn by Jewish males and females age six and older.
Many sent to concentration camps (other “non-desirables”
also targeted-- Gypsies, Catholics, Communists, physically
and mentally disabled, homosexuals, etc.)

17. Some of the badges various groups were required to wear in Nazi concentration camps.

18. Hitler’s Germany Blitzkreig Luftwaffe Non Aggression Pact
Military strategy developed by Adolf Hitler where simultaneous attacks occur by land and air
Luftwaffe
German air force
Non Aggression Pact
Russia and Germany sign in 1939 agreeing to not attack
Hitler breaks pact in 1941
Schutzstaffel
Hitler’s personal police force
Known as the SS

19. One of the most famous of these Extermination Camps was Auschwitz, in Poland. The front wall of the camp still stands today.