1. Reactions. DON’T COPY pink WRITING

2. Acid + base This is a common reaction and needs to be remembered for exams. ACID + BASE -> SALT + WATER E.g. hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide -> sodium chloride + water HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H 2 O

3. Experiment: Aim: to make a salt by reacting an acid and a base Method: 1. Place 1 mL of 1 molL -1 sulfuric acid into a test tube 2. Place 2 mL of 1 molL -1 sodium hydroxide into the same test tube. 3. Gently shake and tip into an evaporating dish. 4. Make a label and place the evaporating dish on the window sill.

4. Results: When we mixed the chemicals we saw … (leave a whole line) After the evaporating dish had been left on the window sill we saw … (leave a whole line) Conclusion: Acid + base -> salt + water Sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide -> sodium sulfate + water H 2 SO 4 + 2NaOH -> Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O

5. Acid + carbonate This is a common reaction and needs to be remembered for exams. ACID + CARBONATE -> SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE E.g. Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate -> calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide 2HCl + CaCO 3 -> CaCl 2 +H 2 O + CO 2

6. Experiment: Aim: to observe an acid and a carbonate experiment. Method: 1. Place 2 small pieces of marble in the bottom of a test tube 2. Add 3 mL of sulfuric acid 3. Write down your observations Results: What did you see happen, what did you hear or feel? Leave a whole line

7. Conclusion: An acid + a carbonate produces a gas. This gas is carbon dioxide gas. Acid + Carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide H 2 SO 4 + CaCO 3 -> CaSO 4 + CO 2 + H 2 O sulfuric acid + Calcium carbonate Calcium sulfate + Carbon dioxide + water

8. Acid + Metal An acid + metal reaction produces hydrogen gas and a salt. ACID + METAL -> HYDROGEN GAS + SALT E.g. Hydrochloric acid + zinc -> hydrogen gas + zinc chloride 2HCl + Zn -> H 2 + ZnCl 2

9. Experiment Aim: to observe a reaction between an acid and a metal Method: 1. Place a piece of magnesium metal in the bottom of a test tube 2. Add 3 mL of sulfuric acid 3. Write down observations Results: What did you see, hear or feel? Leave whole line

10. Conclusion: An acid and a metal produces hydrogen gas. H 2 SO 4 + Mg -> MgSO 4 + H 2 sulfuric acid + magnesium magnesium sulfate + hydrogen gas

11. Name chemical substances from their formula and write simple word equations

12. TASK: stick in the ions handouthandout NaCl H 2 O NaOH Ca(OH) 2 MgCl 2 MgSO 4 CuCO 3 NaHCO 3 Na 2 CO 3 Sodium chloride Water Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Magnesium chloride Magnesium sulfate Copper carbonate Sodium hydrogen carbonate Sodium carbonate For each of the following give the name of the chemical

13. Ions and their names: highlight these on the handout, add new ones Sulfate Carbonate Chloride Fluoride Nitrate Iodide Hydroxide oxide SO 4 2- CO 3 2- Cl - F - NO 3 - I - OH - O 2-

14. Balancing compounds When you are trying to work out the formula for a compound, you need to balance the ion charge. It’s a bit like a fraction (1/2 + 1/3) If one of the ions is +1 and the other is -1 it is easy. If one of the ions is +2 and the other is -1 it gets a bit more complicated. The hardest is e.g. +3 and -2. Na is +1 and SO 4 is -2; this means we need 2 X Na to balance the -2 charge: Na 2 SO 4 If Cu is +2 and OH is -1; this means we need 2 X OH to balance the +2 charge: Cu(OH) 2. We have to put brackets around the OH because we need 2 of the hydroxide ion, if we wrote it CuOH 2 it would just mean there were 2 H’s.