1. University of Pretoria APCs, IRs & the subscription problem: The UP library experience Dr Leti Kleyn Manager: Open Scholarship MERENSKY LIBRARY University of Pretoria

2. Open access (OA) is free, immediate, permanent, full-text, online access, for any user, web-wide, to digital scientific and scholarly material, primarily research articles published in peer- reviewed journals. OA means that any individual user, anywhere, who has access to the Internet, may link, read, download, store, print-off, use, and data-mine the digital content of that article. An OA article usually has limited copyright and licensing restrictions.

3. The two different strategies are known as Gold OA where journal articles are published in Open Access journals which have no access cost, unlike Traditional Toll Access (TA) journals, the dominant publishing model. Green OA refers to journal articles that are deposited (self-archived) in institutional or subject repositories accessible to everyone. Two routs to Open Access

4. OPEN ACCESS at UP (i) (i) Policy on University of Pretoria electronic theses and dissertations (S 4844-46/08): The University of Pretoria supports free access to research literature for all researchers worldwide and takes responsibility for the dissemination of its own research outputs. Because theses and dissertations are not formally published (grey matter) it is even more important that the University itself should provide access to them. 9 000+ currently in the UPSpace repository

5. OPEN ACCESS at UP (ii) (ii) Policy to provide open access to research papers authored by University of Pretoria researchers (S 4845/08): The University of Pretoria supports free access to the research literature for all researchers worldwide and takes responsibility for the dissemination of its own research outputs […]. 12 000+ currently in the UPSpace repository

6. 73 rd in the WORLD 73 rd in the WORLD 1 st in Sub-Saharan AFRICA 1 st in Sub-Saharan AFRICA OPEN ACCESS IR at UP (iii)

7. OPEN ACCESS at UP (iv) (iv) Policy on Open Access Publishing Article Processing Charges The purpose of this policy is to facilitate open access publishing of research articles by members of the University of Pretoria, thereby making the University’s research more accessible, and increasing the visibility and impact of the research, for the benefit of both researchers and the University. COMING IN 2015

8. APCs at UP (v) INSTITUTIONAL AGREEMENT BioMedCentral (BMC) at UP BMC Citations (Web of Science, 2009–2015) indicates that citations for articles on the BMC platform are indeed growing:

9. APCs at UP INSTITUTIONAL AGREEMENT BioMedCentral (BMC) at UP GBPRand ValueLowest/ Highest Articles 2011₤10 000R125 000₤985/₤1 0577 2012₤33 000R451 500₤535/₤1 18330 2013₤30 000R435 00₤787/₤1 18331 2014₤40 000R722 00₤1 102/₤1 18326 Total₤113 000R1 733 500Average: R17 000 94 On average R18 500 Value loss of 30% since 2011

10. APC Benchmarking R2m 200 articles since 2011

11. Eligibility – faculty staff; researchers; postgraduate students. Co-authors (paying only for the UP author). A pre-determined publication list of Open Access journals. Pre-funded research – e.g. grant, donor or faculty funding that includes publication fees. Partial funding – only funding a percentage of the APCs. UP publications – exclude articles published in University of Pretoria Open Access Journals. Publication dates – only articles published within the most recent calendar year. NO embargoes (or other time restrictions). Publication Fund Policy Issues

12. APCs at UP A UP Pilot (Open Access) Publication Fund earmarked with R3m for 2015 obtained from the Library’s Information Resources Budget (capital budget) for 2015 to be administered by the Open Scholarship Office within the parameters of a Publication Fund Policy Sustaining this Publication Fund will require additional funding annually

13. RealityCHECK

15. RealityCHECK 1: Average price Graph based on a dataset compiled by Jisc of 6,061 article processing charges (APCs) paid by 20 UK higher education institutions in 2014. It shows the average APC price paid to the top 20 largest publishers (largest in terms of number of APCs). The average price paid for an APC often differs from the prices listed on publisher/journal websites. Obtained from: http://figshare.com/articles/Average_APC_price_2014/1311650http://figshare.com/articles/Average_APC_price_2014/1311650 The average APC is £1 581 X R18.54 = R29 300+

16. BMC PLOS Statistics supplied by Sunette Steynberg, UP Research Commons RealityCHECK 2: I choose where to publish

17. RealityCHECK 3: And so we still subscribe R10 000 000.00+ R 400 000.00+ R10 400 000+ OA Page Charges: $3 000 = R35 500 + Total e-journal subscription (2014): R50 130 520 Big Five (2014): R41 708 653 Largest Payment: R18 896 132 Statistics supplied by Soekie Swanepoel, UP Library Resources

18. RealityCHECK 4: And so we still subscribe A recap of recent incidents of selling open access articles, without the publisher acknowledging to the reader/buyer that it is an open access article: Springer (April, 2015) Wiley (March, 2015) Elsevier (March, 2015) Elsevier (2014) „It’s yet another nail in the coffin for hybrid OA – we simply can’t trust these publishers to keep this content open and paywall-free.” ROSS MOUNCE: http://rossmounce.co.uk/2015/04/27/springer-caught-red-handed-selling-access-to-open-access- article/

19. RealityCHECK 5: The Institutional Repository Statistics supplied by Hendriette Jansen van Vuuren, UP Open Scholarship Programme Total articles Final PDF Post-printPre-printNo permission Awaiting permission 201567127%70%1% 2% 20142 37048%47%2%1%2% 20132 23352%41%3%1%2% 20122 06054%43%0%1%2% 20112 03746%48%1% 3% TOTAL/ AVERAGE 9 37145%50%1% 2%

20. RealityCHECK 6: Permission from publishers Statistics supplied by Hendriette Jansen van Vuuren, UP Open Scholarship Programme

21. RealityCHECK 7: Embargo periods Statistics supplied by Hendriette Jansen van Vuuren, UP Open Scholarship Programme

22. Support all initiatives from South African universities and institutions to reduce APCs Support all initiatives form Government and NRF to take a stand on research output availability and APCs Renegotiate fees together with other South African partners Develop an internal institutional system that supports the (free) Green route optimal Rethink copyright and poke holes in embargos Consider the ethics of the situation Join the revolution in support of affordable Open Access Pursue EVERY avenue

23. “ ” The tipping point for African research innovation will not be merely the ability to fully access and use the new abundance of global knowledge and ideas but to make an active and significant contribution to its creation. Piyushi Kotecha (in Abrahams, et al., 2008)