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GRAMMAR Review Day 3
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Warm Up Word Bank: Adjective Adverb Conjunction Noun
Pronoun Preposition Verb The shortest day is in December. The weather is often cold at that time of year. When plants are kept indoors, they can thrive even in cold weather. June days are longer than those in the fall. Summer Solstice is the name for the day of the year on which the sun shines longest. Were you invited to a Summer Solstice party last year or the summer before? Why not host one this summer?
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Answers to Warm Up The shortest day is in December. Preposition
The weather is often cold at that time of year. When plants are kept indoors, they can thrive even in cold weather. June days are longer than those in the fall. Summer Solstice is the name for the day of the year on which the sun shines longest. Were you invited to a Summer Solstice party last year or the summer before? Why not host one this summer? Preposition 2. Adjective 3. Pronoun 4. Noun 5. Adverb 6. Conjunction 7. Verb
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Prepositions A PREPOSITION is a word that shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and some other word in a sentence Prepositional Phrase- includes the preposition, the object of the preposition, and the modifiers of the object Common Prepositions About Around Beneath During Of To Above As Beside For On Toward Across At Between From Over Under After Before Beyond In Past Until Against Behind By Into Through Up Along Below Down Near Throughout With
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Find the PREPOSITIONS…
Harriet designs buildings of many types. She is working on several projects. Her office is near the building structures. She stays at her desk for many hours throughout the day. Sometimes she travels to the construction sites. Harriet walks around the structure. They talk about the project during the tour. They discuss problems with the project.
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Adjectives Describe, or modify, a NOUN or PRONOUN
Tell what kind, which one, or how many They can come before or after the noun May be more than one word (hyphenated if before noun) Predicate Adjectives follow linking verbs and describe the subject of the sentence Find the adjectives and tell what they modify: A single ship moved toward the bustling harbor. It was noisy and crowded. Many adults were happy and talkative. They were eager to reach the final destination. Two small girls peered toward the distant land. Would they like living in the large, strange country?
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Comparing with Adjectives
You can use ADJECTIVES to compare two or more nouns/pronouns. Comparative- compare 2 things Form by adding –er to one-syllable and some two-syllable adjectives (tall– taller, sweet- sweeter) Review spelling changes for certain adjectives on page 188 in textbook Superlative- compare 3 or more things Form by adding –est to one-syllable and some two-syllable adjectives (tall– tallest, sweet- sweetest)
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Comparing with Adjectives
Comparing with more and most Comparative form for most two-syllable and all three or more syllable adjectives: Add the word more before adjective Honest- more honest, dangerous– more dangerous, healthy- more healthy Superlative form for most two-syllable and all three or more syllable adjectives: Add the word most before adjective Plentiful- most plentiful, comfortable- most comfortable, pleasant- most pleasant Irregulars- Adjective Comparative Superlative Much, many Little Good bad More Less Better Worse Most Least Best worst
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Some that are different in formation:
Proper Noun Ending Proper Adjective Ireland Britain Poland England Sweden Scotland -ish Irish British Polish English Swedish Scottish Italy Brazil Canada Rome Mexico Europe Korea -an Italian Brazilian Canadian Roman Mexican European Korean Japan China Vietnam -ese Japanese Chinese Vietnamese Some that are different in formation: Egypt Egyptian France French Denmark Danish Iceland Icelandic Wales Welsh Holland Dutch Switzerland Swiss Norway Norwegian Proper Adjectives Formed from a proper noun Should be capitalized
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Adverbs ADVERBS modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Many end in –ly ADVERBS tell how, where, when, and to what extent Find the Adverbs and tell what they modify… Anna and Tom successfully ran a company. It usually was open from 9 a.m. until 6 p.m. Eager customers would sometimes arrive early and wait patiently. Anna and Tom were so happy to see them. They were often more successful during the summer months.
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Comparing with ADVERBS
Comparative- used to compare two actions. Add –er Jill ran faster than John. Superlative- used to compare more than two actions. Add –est Sue ran fastest in the class. Adverbs that end in –ly: Just add more or most to make comparisons (or less and least) Jill ran more quickly than John. -Comparative Jill ran less quickly than John. Sue ran the most quickly of all the students. -Superlative Sue ran the least quickly of all the students.
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Irregular forms of Comparison- Adverbs
Comparative Superlative Well Badly Little Much Better Worse Less More Best Worst Least Most Try these: We liked their cookies (less, least) of all the others at the baking competition. We liked her cake (less, least) than Mark’s. The contestants with the (worse, worst) dessert failed to read the recipe carefully. The judges this year were (better, best) than last year.
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Adjective or Adverb? Adverb Adjective
Modifies a VERB, ADJECTIVE or ADVERB We walked quickly to the dock. We prepared extremely well, and brought the necessary sailing gear. The water was quite choppy, but we had so much fun sailing! Well is usually an adverb Modifies a NOUN It is a good day to go sailing. The warm sun is shining and the wind is strong. Good is always an adjective Well is an adjective only when it means “healthy”
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