1. Intro logo Tom Hicks Vice President LEED ®

2. Perception

3. Reality

4. What is Green Building? Operating and maintenance practices and building performance that meet specified standards reducing the negative impact of buildings on their occupants and on the environment

6. Membership growth graph

7. What is LEED? Definition LEADERSHIP in ENERGY and ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN A leading-edge system for certifying BUILDING PERFORMANCE and OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE of the greenest buildings in the world Scores are tallied for different aspects of building performance in appropriate categories. For instance, LEED-EB assesses performance of: 1. Sustainable Sites 2. Water Efficiency 3. Energy Performance 4. Material & Resource Use 5. Indoor Environmental Quality 6. Innovation in Upgrades and O&M

8. Levels of LEED Ratings

9. Categories of LEED: Current

10. Categories of LEED: Future

11. California Study Savings

12. What is LEED? Definition Why Study EE in Green? Green Sells Energy Efficiency Better than Energy Efficiency Sells

13. What is LEED? Definition Why Study EE in Green? Largest Contributor to Sustainability… Largest Global Contributor of CO2… “US buildings alone are responsible for more CO2 emissions than those of any other country in the world except China” Kinsey et al., 2002 ACEEE Proceedings, Section 9.21.

14. What is LEED? Definition Investment Grade Piece Why Study EE in Green? Higher EPS - Reduced Operating Costs=Increases NOI Reduced Cost of Capital - Increase cash flow=Improved liquidity=Improved debt rating Increased Building Value - 30% saved = 5% increase in building appraised value Growing acknowledgement by Shareholders (SRI, institutional investors) and Financial Analysts

15. What is LEED? Definition Why Study EE in Green? Early Perceptions = Reality - examples become a market transformation tool

16. What is LEED? Definition Why Study EE in Green? How Energy Efficient is Green? We don’t really know… Performance claims made against code Whole building targets are rare Huge potential for performance gap Poor case study documentation

17. What is LEED? Definition We Don’t Really Know Source: NBI, California Board for Energy Efficiency, EPA California Office Buildings Buildings 20% better than code can have an energy performance score ranging from 1-100. Not sending right market signal. Weak Correlation: Code vs. Simulated EUI Performance against code is weakly correlated to EUI

18. What is LEED? Definition We Don’t Really Know Whole building target rare –Simulation of building models using ECBM doesn’t necessarily include all uses LEED NC v.2.2 will require consumption target –As a submittal requirement, not a credit award Hugh Potential for Performance Gap –Value engineering –Field construction –Lack of coordination –Commissioning and O&M –Overly optimistic projections

19. What is LEED? Definition We Don’t Really Know Building Name Size ft2 Site EUI Actual Kbtu/ft2/-yr Site EUI Predicted Kbtu/ft2-yr ENERGY STAR Rating (est.) Wampanoag Headquarters8,70029.8-99 Ridgehaven Green Office Building78,000-23.696 EPA RTP Campus Office Wing73,000-28.295 Chicago Center for Green Technology40,000-33.394 Thoreau Center for Sustainability73,00040.9-93 Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities12,00031.8-92 U.S. Navy Building 85017,0007036.191 CBF Merrill Environmental Center32,00065*37.487 PA DEP – Cambria Office Building36,00040.2 (37)*-84 Four Times Square1,600,000-63.876 *recent NREL High-Performance Buildings Group case studies

20. What is LEED? Definition We Don’t Really Know Building Name Size ft2 Site EUI Actual Kbtu/ft2/-yr Site EUI Predicted Kbtu/ft2/-yr ENERGY STAR Rating (est.) Herman Miller MarketPlace95,00099.7-61 NWF Headquarters85,00068.2-52 Norm Thompson Headquarters54,50059.8-52 PNC Firstside Center647,00099.5-49 Pacific Development/Port of Portland Building350,000-73.443 Brewery Block 4241,000-70.842 Nature Conservancy Headquarters172,00079.3-38 KSBA Architects Office9,100-68.230 Pierce County Environmental Services50,000-8217 William and Flora Hewlett Foundation48,000-96.710

21. What is LEED? Definition EPA/USGBC Study Follow 30-40 buildings from LEED-NC (2.0 or 2.1) to LEED-EB Correlation between design intent and actual operations Compare performance with building market Examine relationship between connected load and actual energy performance Determine need for future research

22. What is LEED? Definition Overview of Study Design Types of buildings Commercial and institutional –Offices, Courthouses, Financial Centers, Bank Branches, K- 12 schools, Hospitals, Hotels, and Residence Halls Data requirements Design consumption Actual consumption As-designed/as-built connected load (kW) Recruitment Strategy - success to date ~10 LEED-NC have expressed interest/registered 20+ are needed

23. What is LEED? Definition Design vs. Performance Building Size ft 2 Designed Site EUI (kBtu/ft 2 -yr) Actual Site EUI (kBtu/ft 2 -yr) % Change ENERGY STAR Rating Cascadia 118,0006447-26%82 Cascadia 2412,0008652-39%81 Cascadia 370,000366167%69 Cascadia 5470,000--52--88 LBNL 218,8005148-4%95 LBNL 38,400141140-1%2 LBNL 452,200--22--99 LBNL 572,000--73--52 LBNL 617,000367094%64 Averages69701%70 PRELIMINARY

24. What is LEED? Definition Persistence of Performance Building Actual Site EUI (kBtu/ft 2 -yr) ENERGY STAR Rating Cascadia 1 Year 147.582 Year 246.981 Cascadia 3 Year 161.168 Year 260.469 Cascadia 5 Year 154.287 Year 249.390 Year 349.390 Year 452.088 Year 552.488 Only three records, but… Performance appears to persist year to year

25. What is LEED? Definition Next Steps Performance Data –Get more building records –More year to year (i.e. persistence) –Connected Load data Final Report to EPA –June 2006 Update Findings –ACEEE Summer Study –ICEEB 2006 –Greenbuild 2006? Forward Recommendations –USGBC Research Committee –LEED Core Committees and USGBC Staff Collaborate on Research Agenda to Close Performance Gap –ASHRAE, EPA, USGBC, and others

26. What is LEED? Definition Acknowledgements Glen Gilbert, President & CEO Cascadia Region Green Building Council Cathy Turner Sustainability Measurement Consultant Rick Diamond Staff Scientist Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Mike Opitz, PE LEED-EB Certification Manager U.S. Green Building Council

27. the end