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Kinematic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion
Chapter 2 Kinematic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin
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What is anatomical reference position?
erect standing position with all body parts facing forward considered the starting point for all body segment movements Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
Directional terms: superficial: toward the surface of the body superior: closer to the head proximal: closer to the trunk deep: inside the body away from the surface lateral: away from the midline of the body medial: toward the midline of the body posterior: toward the back of the body anterior: toward the front of the body distal: away from the trunk inferior: farther away from the head Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
Reference planes: sagittal plane - in which forward and backward movements occur frontal plane - in which lateral movements occur transverse plane - in which rotational movements occur Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
Reference axes: Longitudinal axis - directed vertically and around which rotational movements occur Anteroposterior axis – directed along the sagittal plane and around which rotations in the frontal plane occur Mediolateral axis – directed along the frontal plane and around which rotations in the sagittal plane occur Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
Forms of motion: Linear motion: motion along a line Rectilinear motion: (along a straight line) Curvilinear motion: (along a curved line) Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Angular motion: rotation around an axis
Forms of motion: Angular motion: rotation around an axis Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
Forms of motion: Angular motion Curvilinear motion Rectilinear motion Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
Forms of motion: General motion: a combination of linear and angular motion (includes most human motion) Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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What is a mechanical system?
a body or portion of a body that is deliberately chosen by the analyst examples: throwing arm, kicking leg, the trunk during performance of a lift, the entire body during performance of a maximal vertical jump Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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What movements occur in the sagittal plane?
Flexion Extension Hyperextension Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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What movements occur in the frontal plane?
Lateral flexion Radial deviation Ulnar deviation Abduction Adduction Elevation Depression Eversion Inversion Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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What movements occur in the transverse plane?
Horizontal adduction Horizontal abduction Medial rotation Lateral rotation Pronation Supination Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Spatial Reference Systems
useful for standardizing descriptions of human motion most commonly used is the Cartesian coordinate system human body joint centers are labeled with numerical x and y coordinates Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Spatial Reference Systems
(0,0) X Y (x,y) = (3,7) Cartesian coordinates of the hip Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Spatial Reference Systems
x y (0,0) x = + y = + x = - y = - Coordinates can be both positive and negative. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Qualitative Analysis: Prerequisite Knowledge
What is the purpose of the skill? What are the causes of performance errors? How can knowledge be gained? experience in performing the skill reading available literature attending conferences and workshops Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Qualitative Analysis: Planning
What is the question to be answered? From what perspectives (angle and viewing distance) should the movement be viewed? How many observations should be taken? Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Qualitative Analysis: Planning
What plans should be made for: performer attire lighting conditions background use of video Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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Qualitative Analysis: Conducting the Analysis
Identify Question/Problem Viewing Angle Viewing Distance Performer Attire Environmental Modifications Refine Question Make Decisions End Analysis Use of Video Communicate with Performer Collect Observations Visual Auditory From Performer Interpret Observations From Other Analysts Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
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