1. Bilaterate Phyla

2. Phylogeny Review ancestor Common metazoan

3. Simple Bilaterian Phyla

4. Phylum Platyhelminthes Triploblastic Triploblastic Bilaterally Symmetric Bilaterally Symmetric Aceolomic Aceolomic

5. Body Cavity Classification

6. Acoelomate Internal Organization

7. Platyhelminthe Taxonomic Characteriestics Free-living v parasitic Free-living v parasitic Incomplete gut Incomplete gut No circulatory system No circulatory system Centralized nervous system Centralized nervous system Secretory glands Secretory glands Excretory organs Excretory organs Reproductive organs Reproductive organs Innervated musculature Innervated musculature Pseudoceros bifurcus

8. Platyhelminthes Reproduction Modes Sexual Sexual Monoecious (hermaphroditic) Monoecious (hermaphroditic) Free living forms typically cross fertilize Free living forms typically cross fertilize Schistosoma sp of flukes are dioecious Schistosoma sp of flukes are dioecious Asexual Asexual Freshwater turbellarians’ regenerative properties Freshwater turbellarians’ regenerative properties Intermediate forms of parasitic classes Intermediate forms of parasitic classes Sporogomy of encysted miracidium and redia forms Sporogomy of encysted miracidium and redia forms

9. Platyhelminthes Taxonomy Class Turbellaria Class Turbellaria Free living planarians & marine flatworms Free living planarians & marine flatworms Class Trematoda Class Trematoda Internal Flukes Internal Flukes Class Monogenea Class Monogenea External Flukes External Flukes Class Cestoda Class Cestoda Tapeworms Tapeworms All Parasitic

10. Class Turbellaria – Planarian Dugesia sp

11. Movement of Free Living Turbellarians crawling Dugesia crawling Dugesia crawling Dugesia crawling Dugesia crawling Bdellura crawling Bdellura crawling Bdellura crawling Bdellura swimming polyclad swimming polyclad swimming polyclad swimming polyclad

12. Generalized Turbellarian Anatomy

13. Turbellarian Organ Systems Protonephridia – Flame cells & tube cells

14. Turbellarian Organ Systems

15. Orders of Class Turbellaria Order Tricladida Order Polycladida

16. Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Turbellaria Two tiger flatworms (Pseudoceros crozerri) on clump of orange sea squirts (Ecteinascidia turbinata: tunicates) in Bermuda Two tiger flatworms (Pseudoceros crozerri) on clump of orange sea squirts (Ecteinascidia turbinata: tunicates) in Bermuda Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

17. Phlym Platyhelminthes Class Turbellaria, Order Polycladida Pseudocerus hancockanum Pseudocerus hancockanum Coral – Tubastrea aurea Coral – Tubastrea aurea Tunicate – Aplidium cratiferum Tunicate – Aplidium cratiferum

18. Phlym Platyhelminthes Class Turbellaria, Order Polycladida Amphiscolops sp Amphiscolops sp

19. The flatworm Mesostoma, catching and eating Daphnia Video Clip

20. Class Trematoda - Flukes Require 2 or more hosts Require 2 or more hosts Definitive host Definitive host Where sexually reproducing fluke lives Where sexually reproducing fluke lives Intermediate hosts Intermediate hosts Intermediate larval/asexual forms encyst Intermediate larval/asexual forms encyst

21. Generalize Fluke Body Plan

22. Parasitic Life Cycles Hosts Hosts Single v multiple Single v multiple Multiple hosts Multiple hosts Definitive Definitive Sexually reproductive stage of parasite Sexually reproductive stage of parasite Intermediate Intermediate Asexually reproducing stages, larval stages of parasite Asexually reproducing stages, larval stages of parasite Parasitic adaptations Parasitic adaptations Syncytial tegument Syncytial tegument Loss of centralized nervous system Loss of centralized nervous system Decreased digestive & excretory systems Decreased digestive & excretory systems

23. Fluke Hosts Definitive Hosts Definitive Hosts Mammals, Reptiles, Birds Mammals, Reptiles, Birds Intermediate Hosts Intermediate Hosts Arthorpods Arthorpods Gastropods Gastropods Fish Fish

24. Clonorchis sinensis Life Cycle – Human Liver Fluke

25. Trematode Stages Adult – fluke in liver, bile ducts, respiratory tract, blood Adult – fluke in liver, bile ducts, respiratory tract, blood Miracidium – ciliated, swimming larvae Miracidium – ciliated, swimming larvae Sporocyst – asexually reproductive stage producing redia (within sporocyst) Sporocyst – asexually reproductive stage producing redia (within sporocyst) Redia – 2 nd asexual phase producing cercaria Redia – 2 nd asexual phase producing cercaria Cercaria – free swimming larval form Cercaria – free swimming larval form Metacercaria – encysted cercaria Metacercaria – encysted cercaria

26. Clonorchis Stages Adult Fluke Egg Sporocyst Redia Cercaria Metacercarial cyst

27. Blood Flukes: Schistosoma japonicum & Schistosoma mansoni

28. Swimmer’s Itch Encysted metacercaria of avian schistosomes Encysted metacercaria of avian schistosomes

29. Class Monogenea Monogenea – 1 host Monogenea – 1 host External flukes External flukes Fish gill Fish gill No intermediate hosts No intermediate hosts

30. Class Cestoda - Tapeworms Two hosts Two hosts Definitive host – carnivore Definitive host – carnivore Intermediate host – herbivore Intermediate host – herbivore Adults live in intestine of definitive host Adults live in intestine of definitive host Larval stages encyst in muscle of intermediate host Larval stages encyst in muscle of intermediate host

31. Cestode Body Plan Attach via scolex Attach via scolex Proglottids develop from base of scolex Proglottids develop from base of scolex Proglottids mature reproductively Proglottids mature reproductively Proglottids are shed in feces or crawl from anal opening Proglottids are shed in feces or crawl from anal opening

32. Taenia saginata Life Cycle - Human/Beef Tapeworm

33. Taenia solium – Human/Pork Tapeworm

34. Broad fish Tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum

35. Cestode Organs Each proglottid matures as an egg sack Each proglottid matures as an egg sack

36. Host Specificity Hydatid Cysts Hydatid Cysts Encystment of larva in definitive rather than intermediate host Encystment of larva in definitive rather than intermediate host Cysticercosis Cysticercosis Taenia solium and T. saginata Taenia solium and T. saginata

37. Hydatid Cysts in Human Heart

38. Hydatid Cysts in Human Brain