1. The 6 Kingdoms

2. Classification
Domain (recent addition)-Kingdom- Phylum -Class- Order- Family- Genus- Species
3 Domains
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
6 Kingdoms within the 3 Domains
there are more, but we are going to focus on just the major 6 groupings

3. The two Kingdom System Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae
All organisms that can move and use food for energy
All animals
Kingdom Plantae
Things that could make their own food
Plants
Fungi (really cannot make own food)
We did not know about microorganisms to even classify them!

4. The 5 Kingdom System Very recent classification
Monera- all prokaryotic cells
Protista- Eukaryotic unicellular organisms, included algae
Fungi- eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic, have cell wall of chitin
Plantae- eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms, have cell wall of cellulose
Animalia- eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with no cell wall

5. Relationship of the Domains
Although Archaea used to be classified as a bacteria, studies of physiology and morphology of cell reveals that they are as different from bacteria as we are they need a separate domain.

6. Most recent Classification

7. Naming the 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae
Animalia

8. Archaebacteria [Prokaryote]
Cell walls without peptidoglycan (This makes them different from Eubacteria!)
Unicellular
Autotroph or Heterotroph
Flagella for movement
reproduce asexually (binary fission)
Found in harsh environments (undersea volcanic vents, acidic hot springs, salty water)
Subdivided into 3 groups based on their habitat --- methanogens (produce methane), thermoacidophiles (Like hot and acidic environments), & extreme halophiles (love salt!)

9. Halophiles (like salt)
Thermophiles (like heat)

10. Eubacteria [Prokaryote]
Cell walls made of peptidoglycan
All are unicellular
Most are heterotrophic (can’t make their own food) some are autotrophs
Move with flagella
reproduce asexually (binary fission)
Come in 3 basic shapes --- cocci (spheres), bacilli (rod shaped), spirilla (corkscrew shape)
Can be aerobic (require oxygen) or anaerobic (don’t need oxygen) and are unicellular
Can be identified by Gram staining (gram positive or gram negative)

11. Eubacteria
Staphylococcus aureus 
Bacillus anthracis
E. coli

12. Protista [Eukaryote] Cell walls with cellulose Most are unicellular
Some are autotrophs and have chloroplast and perform photosynthesis
Some are heterotrophs that ingest small food particles & digest it inside food vacuoles containing digestive enzymes
cilia, flagella & pseudopodia
Can reproduce asexually or sexually
Can be found in pond or stagnant water

13. Amoeba
Rotifer
Euglena
Algae

14. Fungi [Eukaryote]
Cell walls are made of chitin (a complex polysaccharide)
Most are multi-cellular, but some are unicellular like yeast
Most are saprobes – live on other dead organisms
Non-motile [no movement]
Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Do not contain chlorophyll (They are NOT plants!!)
Store food energy as glycogen
Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment
Lack true roots, stems, & leaves

15. Mushrooms
Mold
Ringworm
Yeast

16. Plantae [Eukaryote] Cell wall made of cellulose
All plants are multi-cellular
Autotrophs – They trap energy from the sun by photosynthesis & store it in organic compounds
No movement
Reproduce sexually or asexually
Contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts

18. Animalia [Eukaryote] Cells lack cell walls
All multi-cellular (metazoans)
Heterotrophs (take in food & internally digest it)
Can Move
Reproduce sexually
Show levels of organization including cell, tissue, organ, & system
Cells are specialized for particular functions
Cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

20. Ticket – Kingdoms Take out a sheet of paper and tear it in half
Ticket – Kingdoms Take out a sheet of paper and tear it in half. Share with a neighbor. You may use the notes you just took. Are you ready?

21. 1. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled My Cell wall is made of cellulose
Protista

22. 2. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellular I don’t have a cell wall
Animalia

23. 3. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled
Protista

24. 4. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled My Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan
Eubacteia

25. 5. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellular I can’t move
Planate

26. 6. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled I am a halophile
Archaebacteria

27. 7. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am single celled I move by cilia
Protista

28. 8. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am multi-cellular
Animalia

29. 9. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I am a thermoacidophile
Archaebacteria

30. 10. Which Kingdom do I belong to?
I move by pseduopod
Protista