1. Cell Structure 2.1

2. Human Factory Demo Ask for volunteers to assemble a cheap and easy snack (each person has a different job). Each student gets one snack. Relate the process to the cell having different parts with different jobs that keep us alive

3. (Save for 2 nd day of lecture #1) Just like on a sports team or in an office, cells are composed of many important people/organelles that each fulfill a different role!!! I give you “The Cell Song”…

4. I. Cellular Boundaries A.Cell Wall 1. Rigid barrier that provides support and protection 2. Outside the plasma membrane 3. Found mostly in plants (and some bacteria)

5. I. Cellular Boundaries B. Cell Membrane 1. The protective membrane between the cell and its environment. 2. Regulates what comes in and out of the cell (maintains homeostasis) a. food comes in b. waste goes out

6. II. Cell Control A.Nucleus 1. Control center a. Gives instructions (DNA) on how to make proteins b. Different proteins cause the cell to do different jobs.

7. II. Cell Control B. Nucleolus 1. Makes ribosomes C. Ribosomes 1. Leaves nucleus to make proteins in the cytoplasm

8. II. Cell Control D. Cytoplasm 1. Clear, gelatinous fluid that contains all of the organelles except the nucleus

9. Let’s continue to follow the trail of the protein!!

10. III. Assembly, Transport & Storage A.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 1. Rough ER—Ribosomes drop the proteins here 2. Smooth ER—The proteins undergo chemical reactions

11. III. Assembly, Transport & Storage 3. The ER is a highly folded membrane a. Allows for a lot of work to be done in a small amount of space

12. III. Assembly, Transport & Storage B. Golgi Apparatus 1. Sorts proteins into packages vesicles 2. Sends vesicles to the appropriate destination in the cell 3. A.K.A. The Post Office 4. Looks like a flattened stack

13. III. Assembly, Transport & Storage C. Vacuoles 1. Temporary storage of materials in the cell a. food b. enzymes c. water d. waste products

14. III. Assembly, Transport & Storage 2. Animal cells usually do NOT have vacuoles. If so, they are very small. 3. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole.

15. III. Assembly, Transport & Storage D. Lysosomes 1. Digest worn out cell parts, food particles, viruses, etc. 2. Lysosomes contain enzymes a. The membrane around the lysosome protects the rest of the cell from being digested.

16. Where does a cell get the energy to make these proteins??? Stay tuned to find out…

17. IV. Energy Transformers A.Chloroplasts 1. Capture sunlight and convert it to chemical energy (food) 2. Found mostly in plant cells

18. IV. Energy Transformers b. Chloroplasts store the pigment chlorophyll 1) Traps the sunlight needed for photosynthesis 2) Chlorophyll makes the plant green

19. IV. Energy Transformers B. Mitochodria 1. Breaks down the sugars made during photosynthesis into a form of energy that the cell can use (ATP) 2. Folded membranes allow for a lot of work to be done in a small space a. Looks like kidney bean with accordion folds.

20. We know cells are the basic unit of organization… What are more complex types of organization?

21. V. Organization A. Tissues- Similar cells that work together to do a job 1. Muscle tissue 2. Brain tissue 3. Etc

22. V. Organization B. Organ- A structure made up of 2 or more tissues that work together to do a job 1. Ex: Your heart is made of a. muscle tissue b. nerve tissue c. blood tissue

23. V. Organization C. Organ System- A group or organs working together 1. Ex: Heart, lungs and blood vessels make up the cardio vascular system. D. Know this: Cell-> Tissues-> Organs-> Organ Systems-> Organism

24. Recap -What organelles make up the cell’s boundaries? -What organelle controls the functions of the cell? How? -What organelles are associated with transport of proteins in the cell?

25. Recap -What organelles are associated with storage? -What organelle makes energy? -What organelle breaks down sugar to release energy? -What are some differences between plant and animal cells?