1. By Scott Brevda

2. The Importance of This Project Both of these quotes where being tested in my experiment  “Agitation tends to break up the dried surface crust on sludge exposed to air, thereby also serving to speed the evaporation of water.” (Lue-Huing, p. 401)  “This process is called creaming - the oil droplets will gradually form a dense layer at the top of the sample. An emulsion is therefore described as unstable with respect to creaming (creaming is just upside down sedimentation). “ http://www.ifr.ac.uk/Materials/fractures/emul- sions.html T his project entered one of chemistry’s realms, by testing the relationship between oil and water. This research in important as, with new discoveries into the relationship between water and oil, we will be better equipped to handle oil spills, separating oil and water, treating sewage and taking care of the Earth.

3. Methodology Experiment One  Take 5 beakers and add 200ml of water to them. Of the 5 beakers, take 4 and add respectively 5ml,10ml, 15ml, and 20ml of motor oil. This will create 5 samples - one control, and 4 samples with varying amounts of oil. Take all five beakers and place them on 5 different heaters, let them sit for 1 hour while taking measurements of how much water has evaporated (ml), at the 5 min., 10min., 20min., 30min., 40min., 50min., and 60 min. marks. Experiment Two  Create 5 samples one control with no oil, and 4 samples with varying amounts of oil – same as above. Set them all aside in a place that is not exposed to any elements (wind, rain, excessive sun) that might change the results of the sample. Take measurement of how much water remains (ml) every day until the end of the experiment. Experiment Three  Take one beaker and add 200ml of water to it. Then add 10 ml of oil. Set it in the same type of spot as in experiment two. However, this time add the fish tank air pump to the beaker. Take measurement every day of how much water has evaporated (ml) until the end of the experiment.

4. Charts and Qualitative Observations Experiment One: Evaporation Experiment Two: Boiling (25 min @ 100⁰c) Amount of OilAmount of Water Amount of OilAmount of Water After Evaporation After Boiling Sample One: 0ml150ml Sample One: 0ml152ml Sample Two: 5ml173ml Sample Two: 5ml166ml Sample Three: 10ml187ml Sample Three: 10ml174ml Sample Four: 15ml197ml Sample Four: 15ml182ml Sample Five: 20ml199ml Sample Five: 20ml190ml Experiment Three: Evaporation with Agitation One important factor, as displayed on these charts (Only used 10ml of oil sample) is that it took 7 days for the pure evaporation NumberAmount of Water sample (10ml) to lose approx. 113ml as compared of DaysAfter Agitation to only 3 days with the addition of agitation and Day 1196ml about 22 minutes with boiling. Thus proving that Day2no measurment * when oil n on top of water, the evaporation Day3184ml process is retarded. This is an important fact Day 4no measurement ** to consider in process waster water, sewage or Day 5no measurement ** oil spills. Day 6169ml Day 7162ml * No Classes ** Weekend

5. Charts and Results

6. Charts, Results, and Conclusions Conclusions: 1. The oil does act as a seal preventing the water from escaping. 2. Agitation of the oil does allow for evaporation, as well as causing an emulsion.

8. Bibliography Municipal Sewage Sludge Management: A Reference Text on Processing, Utilization, and Disposal By Cecil Lue-Hing Edition: 2, illustrated Published by CRC Press, 1998 Yielding and Fracture in Particle Gels The Institute of Food Research http://www.ifr.ac.uk/Materials/fractures/emulsions.html