1. Visual Principles Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning Chapter 5 Presented by Linda Nash

2. Roles of Visual Instruction

3. Visuals provide a referent for ideas

4. Visuals are iconic Abacus

5. Visuals motivate learners by attracting their attention.

6. Visual Literacy The learned ability to interpret and to create visual messages, can be developed in two major ways. Input strategies, or decoding Output strategies, or encoding

7. Input strategies, or decoding Developmental effects Cultural effects Visual preferences

8. Output strategies, or encoding Creating visuals

9. Goals of Visual Design Ensure legibility Reduce Effort Increase Active Engagement Focus Attention

10. Graphics: help or hurt? Hoffman, Bob. “Using Graphics and Animation in Instruction”, Encyclopedia Of Instructional Technology, http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/typecontrasts/index.htm

11. Processes of Visual Design Visual elements Verbal elements Elements that add texture and appeal

12. Visual Elements Realistic Analogic Organizational

13. Realistic visual elements Realistic is not always better

14. Analogic visual elements Comparing the unknown to the known

15. Organizational Elements Flowcharts Graphs Maps

16. Verbal Elements Letter Style Sans serif typeface, such as Helvetica, is well suited to projected visuals. A serifed typeface, such as Palatino, is recommended for printed text.

17. Some rules for lettering Limit variations, such as Bold, italic, underline, size, and typeface, to 4 CAPITALS- USE ONLY WHERE NORMALLY REQUIRED Color of lettering should contrast with the background

18. More lettering rules Size- ½ inch to 10 feet Spacing between letters- optical method Spacing between lines

19. Elements that Add Appeal Surprise Texture Interaction

20. Pattern Alignment Shape Balance Style Color Scheme Color Appeal

21. Alignment

22. Shape

23. Letter shape

24. Balance

25. Rule of Thirds

27. Rule of Thirds-2 “Panache" - courtesy of Karen BryanKaren Bryan

28. Rule of Thirds - 3 With grid

29. Color Scheme Use the color wheel to determine harmonious color schemes

30. Color Appeal Consider the audience and the subject. Children prefer warm colors (red, pink, orange, yellow) Adults prefer cool, more subtle color combinations (blue, green violet) Be aware of cultural differences

31. Arrangement Proximity Directionals Figure-Ground Contrast Consistency

32. Arrangement- No proximity

33. Arrangement with proximity

34. Directionals Bullets Arrows Bold type Bright colors

35. Figure-Ground Contrast Light on dark or dark on light is the rule

36. Legibility

37. Consistency As viewers go through a series of images, they attempt to form a set of rules about where information will appear. Consistency allows the viewer to use less energy determining these rules, and more energy concentrating on your message.

38. Visual Planning Tools Storyboard Types of Letters Drawing, Sketching, Cartooning

39. Digital Images Digital Cameras Scanners PowerPoint Desktop Publishing

40. Sum it Up Assemble the elements Choose the background Arrange elements Check and Revise

41. Citations Heinrich,Robert, Molenda, Michael, Russell, James D., and Smaldino, Sharon. Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill-Prentice-Hall, 2002. Hoffman, Bob. (c1994-2003) The Encyclopedia of Educational Technology. Retrieved September 9, 2003, from http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/typecontrasts/index.htm http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/typecontrasts/index.htm Kraemer, James. (1999). 2safeschools Retrieved September 7, 2003, from http://www.geocities.com/yellowtincan/ytc.htmhttp://www.geocities.com/yellowtincan/ytc.htm Kristi@Cartoon Cottage. (c1998-2003) Cartoon Cottage Retrieved September 8, 2003, from http://cartooncottage.com/ http://cartooncottage.com/