1. Argument Writing An Introductory Guide for Middle School Students

2. Standards (8W1) Write arguments to support claims (8RI6) Determine author’s point of view or purpose/ Analyze response to conflicting evidence or viewpoints (8RI8) Delineate, evaluate, and assess arguments for soundness of reasons and relevance of evidence/ Recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced

3. Learning Objective I can develop arguments to support a claim. I can determine a writer’s point-of-view or purpose. I can evaluate and assess arguments and the relevance of evidence.

4. An argument in writing IS DIFFERENT THAN ARGUING WITH A PARENT OR FRIEND

5. What are the Terms Used for Argument Writing? Argument –a statement that someone believes is or should be true. Claim – what the arguer is trying to prove Counter-claim – expresses the opposite point of view. Rebuttal – to prove something is false by using arguments or evidence

6. What are the Characteristics of Argument Writing? Convinces reader claim is true Uses evidence—facts and data Acknowledges counterclaims—the other side of the argument

7. How do you Describe an Effective Claim? Takes a clear position Is narrow enough to be supported within essay Can be supported by facts or citations from a text

8. What are the Different Types of Claims? Cause and effect —a person, thing, or event caused something else to happen Example: Rikki Tikki Tavi’s victory over the snakes was the result of his natural abilities as a mongoose, rather than his desire to protect the people in the cottage.

9. What are the Different Types of Claims? Claims of definition or fact —argue what a definition is or if something is really a fact Example: In the story, “Gift of the Magi,” by O. Henry, the two characters provide an outstanding illustration what what foolish is.

10. What are the Different Types of Claims? Claims about values —argue the worth of something and if it is valued. While Perrault’s “Cinderella” is an interesting story, it is a second-rate story when compared to Grimm’s Cinderella version.

11. What are the Different Types of Claims? Claims about solutions or policies —argue for or against certain approaches to problems. Example: The Capulets have their daughter’s well- being in mind when they follow tradition and make arrangements for her to marry Paris.

12. How do you Address the Counterclaim? Refutes or proves wrong, another point Recognizes the other side’s points Lends credence (belief or acceptance) to the writer’s claims

13. Components of Effective Argument Writing? Clear and forceful claim Well-constructed argument Strong textual support with lucid (clear) explanations of text support Addresses counterclaims Strong conclusion