1. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Tsunamis are among the most deadly natural disasters. Here are a few pictures with captions, for impact.

2. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is among the worst natural disasters ever. An immense earthquake (one of the two or three biggest ever) triggered a wave that killed over 300,000 people. Many of the resources shown here are from the United States Geological Survey. Photo Credit: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatra05/index.html

3. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Branches are broken and bark is scraped off of trees up to the height of the tsunami. The 1.5 m (5 ft) high stick does not come close to the high-water mark, which is off the top of the picture. The cartoon in the next slide shows the water height as up to 28 m (about 100 ft). Photo Credit: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatra05/images/waterht4.jpg

4. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Photo Credit: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatra05/images/waveht.gif At Lampuuk (location shown in inset) the peak water depth was 28 m (nearly 100 ft) above normal water level, and the huge surge pushed well inland. Imagine the last time you were on the beach, at Atlantic City or Virginia Beach, and then mentally put 100 feet of water over the place where you were sunning.

5. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis The inrush of water carrying trees, boats, etc. can have immense force. Here, steel-reinforced beams were broken by the tsunami. Photo Credit: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatra05/images/Jan21_2005_lg/IMG_0728.jpg

6. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Here, at the village of Lampuuk, 73 cm (2 ft) of sand was deposited on the dark soil at the bottom. Excavations in coastal regions can find such records of tsunamis, and help learn how frequent they are. Photo: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatra05/images/Jan23_2005_lg_IMG_0873.jpg The tsunami eroded the coast, and some of the eroded sand was carried far inland and deposited.

7. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis The difference between the before (left) and after (right) pictures of the coast at Lampuuk is sobering indeed. Satellite image acquired using Space Imaging’s IKONOS satellite and processed by the Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP), National University of Singapore. Photo: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatra05/BeforeAndAfter.html

8. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Images processed by StormCenter Communications, Inc., Captured by Space Imaging Ikonos Satellite, processed by CRISP-Singapore Aceh, NW Sumatra, Indonesia: Photo: http://www.stormcenter.com/media/041230b/image3_before_a.jpg Click Image to view AFTER Continue or BEFORE the tsunami BEFORE the tsunami

9. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Images processed by StormCenter Communications, Inc., Captured by Space Imaging Ikonos Satellite, processed by CRISP-Singapore Aceh, NW Sumatra, Indonesia: Photo: http://www.stormcenter.com/media/041230b/image3_after_a.jpg ( sinking from earthquake motions also affected this area. ) Continue or Click Image to return to BEFORE AFTER the tsunami AFTER the tsunami

10. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Images processed by StormCenter Communications, Inc., Captured by Space Imaging Ikonos Satellite, processed by CRISP-Singapore Another Section of Aceh, NW Sumatra, Indonesia: Photo: http://www.stormcenter.com/media/041230b/image4_before_a.jpg Click Image to view AFTER Continue or BEFORE the tsunami BEFORE the tsunami

11. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Photo: http://www.stormcenter.com/media/041230b/image4_after_a.jpg Click Image to view Before Continue or These really are the same place! Images processed by StormCenter Communications, Inc., Captured by Space Imaging Ikonos Satellite, processed by CRISP-Singapore AFTER the tsunami AFTER the tsunami Another Section of Aceh, NW Sumatra, Indonesia:

12. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis The great Alaska earthquake of 1964 generated tsunamis from the plate motions and from landslides, and the tsunamis caused most of the deaths. Damage is Seward is shown here. 1964. Figure 4-D, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 491. Digital File:aeq00016 Photo: http://libraryphoto.er.usgs.gov/earth1.htm

13. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis View of downtown Kodiak, Alaska before (top) and after (bottom) the tsunami. Notice the difference in the number of buildings in before and after. Also, notice the slightly “out-of- place” boat located in the “rearranged” downtown. Photo: http://libraryphoto.er.usgs.gov/earth1.htm Digital File:aeq00017

14. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis This truck was 32 feet above sea level before the tsunami hit, two miles from Seward. The force of the wave bent the truck around the tree. Photo: http://libraryphoto.er.usgs.gov/earth1.htm Digital File:aeq00056

15. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Blackstone Bay, Alaska. The wave reached 80 feet above sea level, washing snow away (trees are 50-75 feet high). ( 1964. Figure 14-A, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 491 ) Photo: http://libraryphoto.er.usgs.gov/earth1.htm Digital File:aeq00057

16. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis Prince William Sound, Alaska. Trees up to two feet in diameter were splintered by a tsunami from an earthquake-triggered underwater landslide. Since then, the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline was built, ending near here. Photo: http://libraryphoto.er.usgs.gov/earth1.htm Digital File:aeq00058

17. Geosc. 10: Unit 4 – Tsunamis For some movies of tsunamis, go to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami and scroll down. ( Link Opens Browser ) http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami Near Whittier, Alaska. The strength of the wave, and the strange things that happen when a whole lot of energy is let loose, are evident. ( U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542-B.) For eyewitness accounts of the Lituya Bay tsunami, with perhaps the highest run-up on a coast in the modern era, try the scanned version of “Giant Waves in Lituya Bay, Alaska”, Don J. Miller, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 354-C, 1960. ( Link Opens Browser ) https://www.uwsp.edu/geo/projects/geoweb/partici pants/dutch/LituyaBay/Lituya2.HTM Photo: http://libraryphoto.er.usgs.gov/earth1.htm Digital File:aeq00060