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Published byChester Williams Modified over 9 years ago
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12/26/2004 Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake 3rd largest earthquake of the past 100 years (M w 9.3). Generated historically large tsunamis that struck Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Africa that killed approximately 300,000 people. No effective warning of tsunami due to lack of monitoring/communication system in the Indian Ocean
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Seismograms of the day: Global Seismic Displacement Wavefield, December 26, 2004.
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Earth Simulator Sumatra Surface Wave Simulation c/o Jeroen Tromp
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0 S 0 - 20.5 minutes 0 S 3 - 35.6 minutes 0 S 2 - 53.9 minutes Spheroidal Normal Modes Very Large Earthquakes Significantly Excite the Planet’s Normal Modes
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The Sumatra- Andaman rupture was significant, even on the scale of the entire planet.
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c/o Miaki Ishii The Sumatra- Andaman rupture was complex and distributed over more than 7 minutes.
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Global Moment Release (1906- 2005) Chile (1960) Alaska (1964) Sumatra (2004) “Great” earthquake are very significant global events. …seismic Moment is proportional to fault area times fault slip
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Global Moment Release (1906- 2005) Approximately half of all earthquake moment release on the planet over the past 100 years occurred in just three earthquakes (a manifestation of power law statistics)!
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Physics of Water Waves Waves are the response of a liquid to departures from gravitational equilibrium. Wind waves in the deep ocean: Wavelength << water depth Tsunami waves in the deep ocean: Wavelength >> water depth Wind Waves (away from shore) Tsunamis in the deep ocean
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c/o Steve Ward Global Tsunami Simulation
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