1. OOPC to WOAP-II D. E. Harrison Ocean Observations Panel for Climate (WCRP, GOOS, GCOS)

2. Ocean Observations Panel for Climate - Terms of Reference Develop recommendations for a sustained global ocean observing system, in support of WCRP, GOOS and GCOS climate objectives, including phased implementation. Help develop a process for ongoing evaluation and evolution of system and recommendations. Support global ocean observing activities by involved parties, via liaison and advocacy for agreed observing plans

3. Outline Status of global ocean OS Some ocean sampling issues/results Documents/Reviews Some continuing big issues Some new activities/issues Some relevant workshops/meetings since WOAP-I Some workshops/meetings in prospect WOAP issues to be taken up

4. Status of Ocean O.S. - 1 Agreed need (5/06) for enhanced Observing Program Support (OPS) Argo ~2500/3000. Most national efforts to be re- competed. O2 & other sensors? Surface Drifters ~1250. ‘hourly’ SST coming. Improve global distribution. Tide gauge progress. Tsunami warning OceanSites progress, but most transport efforts to be re-competed

5. GTS Surface Data Buoys FEB 2004 FEB 2005 JUL 2006 Gold – SST Blue – SST & SLP Dot - mooring

6. GTS Temperature Profiles: FEB 2004 FEB 2005 JUL 2006

7. Status of Ocean O.S. - 2 Tropical Mooring expansion in Atlantic and Indian Improving attitudes toward Real Time data sharing & cruise info sharing Ocean Carbon progress, pCO2 & sections, but plans needs revision Continuing VOS issues Repeat line Ship of Opportunity issues Uncertainty about satellite continuity

8. 7991106 126148 170 807671779787 975 1250 77 79 838691 97104115 119 26 27 3940 49 51 923 1572 2300 3000 4142 495460 78 89 9 1517 2023 28 31 3034 4045 4855 60 66 77 88 99 51 56 67 67 69 23 24 20 31 544 15 29 35 37 0 0 1 4 60 108112 150 180 200 0 Tide Gauge Stations Surface Drifting Buoys Tropical Moored Buoys VOS Clim Ships Argo Floats Reference Stations Ocean Carbon Network Ships of Opportunity 2000 20012002 2003200420062005200720082009 2010 Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan (International) (representative milestones) Real-time Stations, Initial GCOS Subset High resolution & frequently repeated lines occupied Number of floats Number of moorings Number of buoys Repeat Sections Completed, One inventory per 10 years System % Complete Observatories, flux, and ocean transport stations Number of ships recruited Total System 2000 2001200220032004200620052007200820092010 JCOMM-I JCOMM-II Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones If funded as requested

9. 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012 0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Original target: $141 M by 2010 Maximum executable ramp = $17 M/yr System % complete Year $ Million [NOAA Contribution] Funding History

10. Some Ocean Sampling Issues Complex patterns of interannual to decadal subsurface variability How representative is satellite era? MBT/XBT/Argo transition effects in historical data set Sparseness, particularly of So. Hem. and Indian historical obs, limits ‘World Ocean’ inferences and reconstructions Importance of sub-750m (and sub-Argo depth) ocean heat content?

11. 20 year T trends at 100m 95% of all boxes change sign at least once over the 45-year period Harrison & Carson 2006 (JPO to appear) 1955-19741960-1979 1965-1984 1975-1994 1970-1989 1980-1999

12. Hansen, Turrell and Osterhus (2001), updated by Hansen et al. (2004) No trend – but the time series is only one decade Faroe-Bank Channel overflow Science paper was written

13. Documents/Reviews GCOS IP Supplement on Satellite Reqs. GCOS revised national ‘reporting requirements’ on sustained observations for UNFCCC GCOS IP in GEO Work Plan GODAE Summer School book on ODA CEOS response to GCOS IP IGOS-P Ocean Theme review/revision PIRATA review Various program and regional plans

14. GODAE Summer School Book Ocean Weather Forecasting An Integrated View of Oceanography Chassignet, Eric P.; Verron, Jacques (Eds.) Springer. 2006, XII, 578 p., Hardcover. USD189. ISBN: 1-4020-3981-6

15. Some Continuing Big Issues Limited progress in national actions to establish & support sustained ocean observing institutions/activities Research funds still essential System support is limited and fragile Limited financial support for JCOMM Secretariat & new activities What follows GODAE? In WGNE? Limited progress agreeing ‘climate quality’ QC procedures

16. New Programmatic Items OOPC indices website: http://ioc3.unesco.org/oopc/state_of_the_ocean/ Ocean real time SST metadata group formed AOPC/OOPC SST/Sea Ice group-new leaders Sea Ice comparison group formed Tsunameter group to be proposed to JCOMM Increased action on non-physical variables in OOPC and JCOMM

17. Sites where Tsunami and Climate plans overlap -- potential for coordination Sites where Climate missions already deploy tsunami buoys routinely Integrating Climate & Tsunami Buoy Ship Support Chilean Tsunami Buoy being deployed during a U.S. Climate mission

18. Workshops/Mtgs since WOAP-1 GHRSST (several) JCOMM-II Sep 05 Marine Data Nov 05 GODAE IGST Nov 05 Ocean Carbon/Hydro repeat survey Nov 05 Argo Science Mar 06 SST real time metadata Mar 06 OOPC May 06 Interdisciplinary Sea Level Workshop Jun 06 Ocean Carbon/.Hydro Atlantic Jun 06 50 years of “Line P” Jul 06

19. Workshops/Meetings Ahead Ocean Reanalysis Metrics Aug 06 Sea Ice Sep 06 GODAE East Asia workshop in Oct 06 SCOR ocean program coordination meeting #2 in Dec 06 Non-physical variable sensor workshop being planned for 07 OceanObs2008 conference being contemplated

20. Issues for WOAP, #1 Research community support/pressure to nations to set up sustained ocean observing activities/institutions and budgets? In interim, have to maintain via research programs, including CLIVAR. Must include advocacy for system management infrastructure; “OPS center” (recall OPS=Observing Program Support) Continue to support real time data sharing Evaluation/Evolution of present plans

21. Issues for WOAP, #2 Advocacy for improvement of historical ocean data base and analyses, with emphasis on QC, reconstruction & gridding techniques and uncertainty estimates as well as data archeology. Workshop on uncertainty estimation in reconstructed fields? (not just ocean?) Decadal variability consequences? Continue to foster development and use of indicators/indices. Going slowly at present. When should ocean forecasting and ocean reanalysis become coupled ocean-atmos? WCRP and non-physical variable recommendations?