1. Welcome to ES150: Structural Geology January 4, 2005

2. First Day Stuff Course Objectives Go over Syllabus Lab Schedule Course Calendar Waiver What is Structure About? Any questions about tsunamis? And on to… Quick overview of the state of California

3. What is Structural Geology? Study of Forces and Stress that affect and modify the solid earth Rock deformation resulting from that stress (= strain) –Plate scale tectonics (geologic history) –Regional scale activity (terranes) –Outcrop scale –Microscale (minerals and fine rock fabrics)

4. What Structure Does Stresses are due to tectonic plate motions Structures in Rocks preserve information about past stresses Structural geologists correlate back across time and different scales to reconstruct paleo-tectonics

5. Economic Reasons to do this Metallic Ore Deposits often reside in ancient continents collision zones and in fault breccias Hydrocarbon resources travel along faults and collect in the tops of folds Faults create hazards Rock failure studies are important to infrastructure Geothermal heat in extensional faults can be used to produce energy (with help from Ty).

6. Academic Reasons to Do this Understand Earth History - How have the continents moved in the past? Understand Earth Processes - How do mountain ranges form? Exciting field work opportunities!

7. Microscale 2mm Measured Rotation

8. Outcrop Scale Measured Local Pressure

9. Regional Scale Local Stresses Over Large Area

10. Plate - Scale Alleghanian Orogeny builds Appalachians When North America hits Gondwanaland

11. Giant Quake and Tsunami 12/26/04 http://www.ineter.gob.ni/geofisica/t sunami/com/20041226- indonesia/rupture.htm

12. Quake Location - First Rupture

13. Moment (=energy) distribution

14. On To California … A quick overview of what structural studies have revealed…

15. MODOC PLATEAU KLAMATH MTS SIERRA NEVADA MICROPLATE MOHAVE DESERT GREAT VALLEY COAST RANGES BASIN & RANGE TRANSVERSE RANGES TECTONIC REGIONS OF CALIFORNIA

16. SAN ANDREAS FAULT GARLOCK FAULT ACTIVE FAULTING IN CALIFORNIA SIERRA FRONT / BASIN & RANGE JUAN DE FUCA TRENCH

17. Pre-CAMBRIAN (4.5Ba-570Ma) ROCKS OF CALIFORNIA

18. Pre-Cambrian California Warm, tropical, carbonate reef Like this photo only no people and no coral yet

19. PALEOZOIC (570- 235Ma) ROCKS OF CALIFORNIA

20. Paleozoic California Micro-continent 50-car pile-up Imagine terranes accreting west-to-east in CA

21. MESOZOIC (235- 65Ma) IGNEOUS ROCKS OF CALIFORNIA MESOZOIC (235- 65Ma) DEEP MARINE SEDIMENT MESOZOIC (235-65Ma) SHALLOW MARINE

22. MESOZOIC CALIFORNIA Pre-Sierras Central Valley Coast Ranges

23. CENOZOIC (65Ma- NOW) IGNEOUS ROCKS OF CALIFORNIA CENOZOIC SEDIMENT

24. CENOZOIC SED. CENOZOIC IG. MESOZOIC SED. MESOZOIC IG. PALEOZOIC Pre-CAMBRIAN

25. SAN ANDREAS FAULT GARLOCK FAULT SIERRA FRONT / BASIN & RANGE JUAN DE FUCA TRENCH

26. 80 Million Yrs to Today