1. There is no such thing as a natural hazard

2. VULNERABILITY..? The susceptibility of a community to a hazard or to the impacts of a hazard event.

3. What has made this girl vulnerable to a hazard event?

4. Factors affecting vulnerability Find an extended example for each of the following 12 factors that affect vulnerability eg, named and one fact. In exam conditions you should be able to give an example of each so that you can advance up the mark scheme beyond 'generalised'. It is fine to use examples taken from case studies you already have!!!

5. Demographic Factors 1 Size of Vulnerable Population | 2 Population Density Socio-economic Factors 3 A Country's Level of Development | 4 An Individual's Wealth Community Preparedness 5 Public Education | 6 Recent Hazard Events | 7 Early Warning Systems | 8 Building Codes A Community's Ability to deal with a Hazard Event 9 Governance | 10 Effective Lines of Communication | 11 Emergency Personnel | 12 Insurance Cover

6. P 101 IB study guide Using the diagram Give examples where vulnerability may increase or decrease as a result of these factors

7. Why are some sectors of the population more vulnerable than others? Children - Sichuan Earthquake, China, 2008 China releases earthquake death toll of children Women - Boxing Day Tsunami, Indonesia, 2004 Four times as many women died in tsunami Migrants - Landslides in Cairo, Egypt, 2008 Egypt winds up landslide rescue Minority Groups - Hurricane Katrina, USA, 2005 The Geography of Social Vulnerability: Race, Class, and Catastrophe

9. Source:https://earthdata.nasa.gov/featured-stories/featured- research/data-more-powerful-hurricaneshttps://earthdata.nasa.gov/featured-stories/featured- research/data-more-powerful-hurricanes

10. Homework 1. For one or more hazards of your choice, explain how some sectors of a population are more vulnerable than others [10 Marks] 2. Complete your LEDC EQ case study, and add details to your ‘hazard profile’ as necessary. 3. For each case study so far, write the ‘approach’ taken for each event onto your ‘hazard profile’ too.