1. Title Bligh 1972 Laurillard 1993 Ramsden 1992 Andreson 1990 References Ideas on The Lecture

2. Title Bligh 1972 Laurillard 1993 Ramsden 1992 Andreson 1990 References Whats the use of lectures? Donald Bligh 1972 His review of research found that lectures might be good for: utransmitting information ? upromoting thought ? uchanging student attitudes ?

3. Title Bligh 1972 Laurillard 1993 Ramsden 1992 Andreson 1990 References Rethinking University Education Laurillard 1993 uLectures are only one educational process: teacher transmits information udo not encourage dialogue, for example or encourage student reflection uinspirational effects are rare and short-lived umany opportunities for student errors in getting information and making sense of it ulectures cannot deal with a variety of students uQ. why arent lectures scrapped?

4. Title Bligh 1972 Laurillard 1993 Ramsden 1992 Andreson 1990 References Lecturing to large groups Andreson 1990 faced with bigger classes and more classes, two responses are possible for lectures urefinement as theatre: enhance style, techniques, presentation skills uaugmentation with student activity, feedback, dialogue, using other media

5. Title Bligh 1972 Laurillard 1993 Ramsden 1992 Andreson 1990 References Learning to teach in HE Ramsden 1992 ulectures are no more economical than other methods in transmitting information to large numbers uthey are efficient, but less so than reading uthey will cover the ground by the teacher, but not by the student learning ustudents are passive and dependent, promoting a surface approach to learning unot effective for deep learning outcomes needing activity, responsibility, interaction

6. Title Bligh 1972 Laurillard 1993 Ramsden 1992 Andreson 1990 References uLee Andreson, Lecturing to large groups, in C. Rust, Teaching in Higher Education, 1990, SCED Paper 57, ISBN 0946815178 uDonald Bligh, Whats the use of lectures? Exeter: Intellect, 1998, 5th ed. uDiana Laurillard, Rethinking University Education, 1993, Routledge, ISBN 0-415- 09289-2 uPaul Ramsden, Learning to teach in Higher Education, 1992, Routledge, ISBN 0-415- 06415-5 uwww.umist.ac.uk/apt/ for presentation technology