1. Urban geography The fundamental task of the student of urban geography is to make sense of the ways that towns and cities have changed and are changing with particular reference to the differences both between and within urban places (Paul Knox).

2. Thinking about the urban F the geographical study of urban areas - as spaces, places, regions, landscapes and environments F approach to this study are usually influenced by paradigms fashionable at any one time: a) environmental determinism b) regional geography - chorology c) positivism and quantification d) structuralism e) behaviourism f) postmodernism/structuralism/colonialism Note: planning has its own paradigmatic terms

3. Placing the urban F The urban within a pre-existing environment F Sites and components of sites - zones, flows and boundaries, scale F Subsets of the urban - inner, middle, outer, peri- urban F The urban/the rural - in which the latter is a divide? F The urban/the regional - in which the latter is a context? F The national and the international

4. Before the urban?

5. Questions of scale, flow and boundary

6. Centre Zones Madrid

7. The inner

8. The suburbs

9. The fringe

10. The national and international

11. urban: related to towns and cities; those places that exceed a population size and/or density threshold F theatre and spectacle or corruption of the human? F urbanism: a way of life associated with residence in an urban area F urbanization: the process of becoming urban, including: (a) relative and absolute growth in towns and cities within a defined area, (b) increasing proportion of population in urban areas and in largest urban area, (c) structural change such as economies of scale, concentration and centralization and (d) behavioural and cultural change

12. Planning seeks to regulate or control the activity of individuals and groups in such a way as to minimise the bad effects which may arise, and to promote better ‘performance’ of the physical environment in accordance with a set of broad aims and more specific objectives set out in a plan (Brian McLoughlin).

13. planning F setting goals F making projections F assessing implications of fulfilling goals on basis of projections F acting on goals F evaluating actions F restating goals on basis of evaluation

14. planning is... … the making of an orderly sequence of actions that will lead to the achievement of a stated goal or goals. Its main techniques will be written statements, supplemented as appropriate by statistical projections, mathematical representations, quantified evaluations, and diagrams illustrating relationships between different parts of the plan. It may, but need not necessarily include, exact physical blueprints of objects (Peter Hall).

15. strategic planning F strategy - the science or art of combing and employing the means of war in planning; skilful management in getting the better of an adversary F expresses ‘community’ vision for future urban development F identifies critical issues affecting that development F advances key strategies and actions to give effect to the vision

16. strategic planning should... F recognize and reconcile various environmental, social and economic interests F provide clear statements of values, policy, and priorities with respect to urban development F provide direction for land release and staging of urban development within a 5-10 year time frame

17. and... F indicate and justify priorities for urban infrastructure within that framework F provide the basis for coordinating the actions and activities of government and the commitment of resources F provide the context for the development of statutory policy F enable effective community input into policy making

18. statutory planning F structure planning F development plans F development assessment

19. facilities and services planning F after structure plan and amendment of development plan F detailed planning and proposals for human services and community facilities as well as for physical infrastructure F community planning - quality of life issues

20. F space –boundable expanse in which all objects exist F place –a part of space distinguishable because of being imbued with meaning and significance F region –a part of space defined by people according to unifying characteristics, and areally differentiated from other regions because of these F landscape –a part of space that is place, and that is viewed or constructed primarily for its aesthetics F environment – boundable expanse on which life depends