1. The Industrial Revolution Sweden

2. Background: 1700s 0 Age of Liberty; more democratic Sweden 0 Age of Enlightenment; scientific advances 0 Long period of peace 0 More effective agriculture (potato) 0 Fishing industry (herring, salt, fish-oil) 0 Ironworks 0 Manufactures (factories without machines) 0 Swedish East India Company  Growing population

3. Industrialisation begins… 0 Much later in Sweden than Britain 0 Similar proto-industries (textile) 0 Competition from Britain affected Sweden’s ironworks

4. Industrialisation proper… 0 1850s: Sawmilling industry in Norrland  Export of timber to Britain 0 1850s: Building of railroads 0 1870s: Engineering industries  Specialisation (LM Ericsson, Bofors)

5. Consequences… 0 Britain used up all their iron and coal for the industrialisation process 0 Sweden was more rich in natural resources 0 Polarisation of society Emergence of very rich people Working class Land-owning farmersFarm workers 0 Large number of emigration to USA

6. Liberal Movement 0 Chydenius  World’s first law on freedom of press 0 1809 constitution 0 Liberal party (Folkpartiet) formed in 1895 0 Several liberal groups in parliament joined in 1900 (Liberala samlingspartiet)

7. Labour Movement 0 Working class: bad living- and working conditions  Demands:Minimum wage Regulated working hours Social security system 0 Labour Unions (fackföreningar) 0 Labour Party (SAP; Socialdemokratiska arbetarpartiet) formed in 1889

8. Feminist Movement 0 In parallel to Labour movement women’s issues became important  Demands: Right to education Right to work Personal rights (myndigförlaring) 0 Right to vote – 1921! 0