1. How to design blended learning based on outcomes Stephen Bostock (Nov 2007)

2. Blended learning …combining established ways of learning and teaching and the new opportunities offered by technology in order to improve students' learning and increase flexibility in how, when and where they study Blended Learning Unit (CETL), University of Hertfordshire, http://perseus.herts.ac.uk/, accessed 10-4-2007 That is, blend traditional learning activities and new e-learning activities (online or face-to-face). Here we concentrate on online e-learning, blended with campus teaching/learning activities (TLAs).

3. Macdonald, J. 2006 Blended learning and online tutoring I think we still have a lot to learn about the ways in which asynchronous and synchronous [face-to- face or technology mediated] tutor-mediated support can be designed to complement each other. (p54) If there is currently a recipe for a blended strategy, it is a broth of pedagogy, heavily peppered with pragmatism

4. What is used in blended courses? Macdonald, J. 2006, B lended learning and online tutoring Survey of blended learning courses 2004/5: Asynchronous text conferencing (45 of 48 cases) Face-to-Face meetings (42) Course website (28) Online quiz/test (13) Email (10 – underestimated) Less than 10: Synchronous conferencing, PowerPoint slides, telephone, digital audio/video, print, digital whiteboard, phone conference, digital lecture..)

5. A simplistic example: possibilities OnsiteOnline Lectures Problem sheets in class Tutorials A field trip

6. A simplistic example: possibilities OnsiteOnline LecturesWeb documents Problem sheets in classFormative online quizzes TutorialsAsynchronous text discussions A field tripComputer simulation

7. A simplistic example: one design OnsiteOnline LecturesWeb documents Problem sheets in classFormative online quizzes TutorialsAsynchronous text discussions A field tripComputer simulation

8. Three tactics for adding online components Having identified the possible online and onsite course elements, why select one or other or both? 1. Deficit technology provides support for a missing or non- accessible learning activity. E.g. online discussion in distance learning 2. Substitution substitute a traditional element with a technology- based one. E.g. online tutorials replace onsite tutorials 3. Enrichment technology duplicates existing TLAs, allowing personalized experiences. E.g. lecture handouts on web, audio podcasts of notes, feedback from a quiz

9. Criteria for blendedness Efficiency and effectiveness for learning, of course Just pick and mix? Or a recipe? Complementary, mutually supportive course components? (technology-supported and traditional, online and onsite) A balanced experience for students and teachers, according to their expectations and abilities Flexibility of use, personalization, empowerment

10. Teaching Activities to encourage students to behave in ways that will promote the learning outcomes Intended learning outcomes written with active verbs describing the learning to be demonstrated, at threshold level and possibly at higher grades of performance Assessment Tasks to enable students to demonstrate learning in particular contexts, consistent with the verbs in the ILOs What the teacher does What the students do Learning activities Actual learning outcomes Constructive Alignment John Biggs 2003

11. Generating options Assessment tasks Online/CAA Assessment tasks Onsite /traditional Intended learning outcomes Teaching- Learning Activities Online Teaching- Learning Activities Onsite 12341234

12. Selecting options: example TLAs Intended learning outcome Teaching-Learning Activity: Online Teaching-Learning Activity: Onsite Recall information X Web documents & links Reading a set book, lectures Perform skill YFormative quizzesProblem sheets in class Contribute to discussion on Z Asynchronous text discussions Tutorials Apply knowledge and skills to W Computer simulation A field trip

13. A notional TLA selection Intended learning outcome Teaching-Learning Activity: Online Teaching-Learning Activity: Onsite Recall information X Web documents & links Reading a set book, lectures Perform skill YFormative quizzesProblem sheets in class Contribute to discussion on Z Asynchronous text discussions Tutorials Apply knowledge and skills to W Computer simulation A field trip

14. A simple tool Intended learning outcome Teaching-Learning Activity: Online Teaching-Learning Activity: Onsite ILO1 ILO2 ILO3 ILO4 e-TLA3 e-TLA4 TLA1 TLA2 TLA4

15. What should drive the design of blended learning courses? Analysis Especially Intended Learning Outcomes (central to course design: Biggs) Other aspects of needs analysis? Learning activities Specific ones of a current course General types, from a theory e.g. Laurillards, modified Constructivist, REALS Modes of engagement