1. Lecture 6 Higher Order Filters Using Inductor Emulation

2. Inductor Emulation Using Two-port Network GIC (General Impedance Converter) GII (General Impedance Inverter)

3. Gyrator Positive Impedance Inverter Floating inductor

4. Gyrator Example Gyration resistance=1/g1=1/g2=R

5. Riordan Gyrator

6. Example For Gyration resistance=1kΩ

7. Antoniou GIC

8. Inductance emulation is optimum in case of no floating inductors i.e., LC high-pass filters

9. Example 3 rd Order LPF 6 th Order BPF

10. Bruton’s transformation

11. FDNR Bruton’s inductor simulation based on FDNR Most suitable for LC LPF with minimum cap realization

12. Filter Performance & Design Trade-offs  Transfer function (ω 0, Q or BW, Gain, out-of-band attenuation, etc.)  Sensitivity (component variations, parasitics)  Dynamic range (DR) Maximum input signal (linearity) Minimum input signal (noise)  Power dissipation & Area

13. Maximum signal (supply limited)

14. Voltage swing scaling

15. Power dissipation For n th order

16. Thermal noise of a resistor Minimum signal (noise limited)

17. Example: low-pass filter

18. Simple Example Large R, Small C Large noise, parasitic sensitive Large C, Small R Large power, large area