1. What does the future hold for Europe? Unification?Unification? Instability?Instability? Europe’s Modern Transformation

2. Supranationalism and Devolution

3. Contradiction Devolution- regions within a state demand political strength and autonomy at the expense of the central government Supranationalism three or more states combine for political, cultural, or cultural cooperation

4. Devolution in Europe Scotland Northern Ireland Wales Flemish/French Kaliningrad Polish in Belarus Basques Catalonia S. Tyrol Corsica Sardinia Yugoslavia

5. Early European Supranationalism Outgrowth of the World War II Benelux Marshall Plan 1948-52 1948 Organization of European Economic Cooperation 1949 Council of Europe

6. European Supranationalism Why would anyone want to give away international autonomy, one of the most sought after goals of the past century? 1944 Benelux Agreement NetherlandsNetherlands BelgiumBelgium LuxembourgLuxembourg

7. History of European Supranationlism 1947 – MARSHALL PLAN 1948 - Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) 1949 - Council of Europe 1951 - ECSC 1957 - Treaty of Rome 1958 - EEC effective 1959 - EFTA signed 1965 - EEC-ESC-EURATOM 1973 - EEC

8. Primary function of the OEEC: To accept and distribute funds allocated under the Marshall Plan 13 Billion $ from U.S. to help rebuild European countries rebuild European countries Marshall Plan 1948-52

9. European Iron and Steel Community-1951 France, Italy, Germany, and Benelux shared: iron scrap coal finished goods To maintain peace in Europe To present a united front against communism Out-of-date steel plants closed

10. Common Market - 1958 Objective - a single market in which the following flow freely: goods and services labor markets capital Founders determined that Europe would never go to war again

11. 1973 European Community - 9 Nations France Germany Italy Benelux United Kingdom Ireland Denmark

12. 1979 European Parliament 410 directly elected representatives (MEPs) Parliament meets in Strasbourg New nations joined 1981 Greece 1986 Spain and Portugal 1990 E. Germany 15 Nations

13. 1991 Maastricht Treaty Set goals and 279 directives for 15 nations Social Compact Environment Research Agriculture Regional Development Banking Foreign Policy

14. Common Agricultural Policy Huge subsidies to agriculture absorb 50% budget Inadequate controls lead to corruption Surpluses sold at a loss

15. European Monetary and Economic Union Euro - a single European currency by Jan 1, 1999 By 2002 European notes and coins Complements European market with its free movement of: people goods and services capital

16. Development Areas Under the Structural Funds there are 3 Objectives: Objective 1: promoting the development of regions whose development is lagging behind; Objective 2: supporting the economic and social conversion of areas facing industrial decline Objective 3: supporting the adaptation and modernisation of policies and systems of education, training and employment.

17. Special Problem Areas Political Asylum Non EU Migrant workers Terrorists Guns, drugs, rabies, Fear of Germany Unemployment

18. Development Areas

19. GNI per capita

20. What Does EU Mean to Citizens? European citizenship and passport Freedom of movement to live, study, and work Cleaner air, water, and beaches Better health and safety at work Funds programs for elderly, poor, and disabled

21. Foreign Policy Ideal - a common foreign policy Reality Persian Gulf Bosnia Iraq

22. € 2002 Euro Currency 2002 Euro replaces national currency in most EU nations Denmark, Sweden, and UK opt out of Euro

23. 2004 Historic Expansion 10 New nations join the European Union Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia Hungary, Slovenia, Malta, Cyprus

24. Potential Members Other Eastern European nations anxious to join to strengthen their weak economies to safeguard fragile democracies Romania and Bulgaria joined in 2007

25. EU MembersEU Members Non-membersNon-members Prospective MembersProspective Members European Supranationalism