1. The Triumph of Industry Immigration & Urbanization The South & West Transformed Issues of the Gilded Age

4.  “new” immigrant  Steerage  Ellis Island  Angel Island  Americanization  “melting pot”  Nativism  Chinese Exclusion Act

5.  Southeastern Europe ◦ Italy, Poland, Bulgaria, Etc.  Had a much harder time assimilating than the “old immigrants” ◦ No English ◦ No money ◦ No skills ◦ No desire to assimilate

6.  Reasons why you LEAVE  Bad economies  Religious Persecution  Wars  Political Revolutions

7.  Reason you want to move to a place  America’s Pull factors ◦ Land ◦ Plenty of work ◦ Family or friends already there ◦ Religious/Political freedom

8.  The Journey ◦ Need money for a ticket and to start a life ◦ Only brought what you could carry ◦ Even trip to the ship to leave could be dangerous ◦ Most traveled in steerage  Crowded and dirty  Many caught diseases

9. Ellis IslandAngel Island  Located in NYC  European immigrants  Medical & legal inspections  Most immigrants were passed on  Quickly processed  Located in San Fransisco  Asian immigrants  Designed to filter out Chinese immigrants  Could be held here for weeks

12.  Blending into a culture  Most immigrants settled in the cities ◦ Close to jobs in factories  Settled in ethnic neighborhoods called ghettos  Surrounded by people who spoke their native language and had their same customs  Discouraged many from assimilating into the “American” culture

13.  Programs to help immigrants learn ◦ English ◦ American dress ◦ Diet  “Melting Pot” ◦ Blending together of white people of different nationalities ◦ Excluded Asians

14.  Nativism ◦ Belief that native born Americans are superior to immigrants  Competition for housing and jobs fueled resentment ◦ Immigrants were believed to work for lower pay  Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 ◦ Prohibited immigration by Chinese laborers ◦ Limited civil rights of those already in U.S. ◦ Forbade naturalization of Chinese residents *perceived threat that they would steal jobs from whites

15.  Worked on RR, factories, and mines  Joined political parties and unions  Contributed pieces of their culture ◦ Became part of American culture

17.  Urbanization  Rural-to-Urban migrant  Skyscraper  Elisha Otis  Mass transit  Suburb  Frederick Law Olmstead  tenement

18.  Urbanization ◦ The number of cities and people living in them increased dramatically  Advantages of Cities ◦ RR connected here ◦ Offered jobs in factories and service industry ◦ Women’s opportunities  Factory work, sewing, domestic servants, teachers, etc ◦ Entertainment ◦ Access to education for children

20. AdvantagesDisadvantages  steady paycheck  Variety of city life  no slow season  Dark, confined space to work  Rigid schedule  Job availability ◦ African Americans begin to migrate to avoid sharecropping

21.  Skyscrapers ◦ Changed the landscape ◦ Conserved land space ◦ Elevator: Elisha Otis  Mass Transit ◦ Transportation system that carried large numbers of people fairly inexpensively ◦ Street cars, trolleys ◦ Urban Sprawl  People were able to move out of the crowded city into suburbs

22.  Housing ◦ Tenements: small, multi family apartments ◦ Dangerous, unsanitary ◦ Fires swept through neighborhoods  Crime rates high  Unsanitary street conditions ◦ Waste in the streets led to unsafe drinking water

23. The Gilded Age

24.  Mark Twain  Gilded Age  Conspicuous Consumerism  Mass Culture  Joseph Pulitzer  William Randolph Hearst  Horatio Alger  Vaudeville

25.  Mark Twain coins the term  American society has a “rotten core with a gold covering”

26.  More people working for wages ◦ They had cash to spend ◦ More products available than before  Became Conspicuous Consumers ◦ People wanted and bought new products on market  Advertising ◦ Newspaper ads to attract customers to Department Stores ◦ Mail-Order Catalogs  Made products available country-wide  Higher Standard of Living

27.  Consumption patterns across nation were alike  Newspapers ◦ Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst  Literature  Education ◦ Children across the country were taking the same courses

28.  Amusement Parks  Outdoor events ◦ The Wild West shows  Religious-inspired shows  Vaudeville Shows  Motion Pictures  Spectator Sports ◦ Like baseball