1. 110/16/2015 Salmonella Filename: Salmonella.ppt

2. 210/16/2015 Salmonella ä Nomenclature ä Incidence ä Clinical syndromes ä gastroenteritis ä typhoid fever

3. 310/16/2015 Salmonella ä 2,000 serotypes ä Subgroup 1 ä S. cholerae-suis ä S. typhi ä S. enteritidis ä subgroups 2-5 ä cold-blooded animals ä environment ä Human Pathogens ä Salmonella typhi ä Salmonella paratyphi

4. 410/16/2015 S. cholerae-suis: Transmission ä Humans to animals ä Animals to humans ä Humans and animals to animal feeds Large Inoculum: 10 6

5. 510/16/2015 Incidence in Ontario 1994 1992 1991 1994 1992 1991 typhoid 6 6 paratyphoid 85 152 salmonellosis 1003 639 581

6. 610/16/2015 Salmonella: Clinical Syndromes ä Gastroenteritis ä Bacteremia: followed by gastroenteritis ä Enteric fever ä Asymptomatic colonization

7. 710/16/2015 Salmonella: Gastroenteritis ä incubation 6-48 hrs. ä nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, myalgia, headache ä 2 days - 1 week: usually spontaneous resolution

8. 810/16/2015 Mechanism of Pathogenicity Gastroenteritis ä ingestion ä absorbed to brush border of epithelial cells of small intestine and colon ä migrate to lamina propria, ileocaecal ä multiply in lymphoid follicles ä reticulendothelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy

9. 910/16/2015 Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy ä Hyperplasia : abnormal increases in the number of normal cells (organ swells) ä Hypertrophy : increase in size of an organ

10. 1010/16/2015 Salmonella:Bacteremia Usually caused by ä S. cholerae-suis ä S. typhi ä S.paratyphi ä S. dublin Complications ä osteomyelitis (10%) ä arthritis ä endocarditis Gram negative bacteremia is non-suppurative

11. 1110/16/2015 Enteric Fever: S. typhi ä ileocaecal penetration ä intraluminal multiplication ä mononuclear response (macrophages) ä Salmonella remains alive ä 2nd week - lymphoid hyperplasia (mesenteric lymph nodes) ä back to bowel

12. 1210/16/2015 S. typhi ä found in stool - enteric media and selenite enrichment ä high antibodies

13. 1310/16/2015 Mechanism of Fluid Secretion Stimulation ä Arachidonic acid with the enzyme cyclooxygenase stimulates the production of prostaglandin which then causes an increase in cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and stimulates fluid secretion.

14. 1410/16/2015 Reduction of Fluid Secretion ä Anti-inflammatory drugs ä aspirin - non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory ä inhibits cyclo-oxygenase which is necessary to ä produce prostaglandins

15. 1510/16/2015 The End