1. Today’s Agenda Bellringer: Identify the energy transformations that take place in the following examples –Turning on a flashlight –A ball rolling down a hill –Photosynthesis Review Notes on Climatic Change Exit Slip/Homework

2. Target I can investigate a variety of Earth’s systems that are powered by solar energy. –Climate

3. Review On a summer day, why would a Florida beach be cooler than an orange grove that is 2 km inland? Explain how heat energy carried by ocean currents influences climate. See page 149…which has a warmer climate, Dallas or San Francisco? Why?

4. Review See page 150…According to the chart…What effect do cities have on climate? Why might plants found at different elevations on a mountain differ? How can two cities located at the same latitude have different climates?

5. Review How is fur on mammals an adaptation? What is the difference between a structural and behavioral adaptation? Compare estivation and hibernation. What adaptations help dogs keep cool during hot weather?

6. Review Some scientists have suggested that Earth’s climate is getting warmer. What effects might this have on vegetation and animal life in various parts of the US?

7. Today’s Target… I understand that while some changes in Earth’s surface or atmosphere occur without warning, many can be predicted from available data/evidence. –Changes in Climate

8. Climatic Changes Study Pack #5 Page 156

9. Earth’s Seasons Short periods of climate change Caused by the Earth’s tilt and revolution around the sun See figure 8

10. Earth’s Seasons The tropics have fairly constant solar radiation –Do not have much seasonal temperature change

11. Earth’s Seasons Temperate zones have cold winters and warm summers –Spring and fall are mild The season depends on which hemisphere is tilted toward the sun

12. Earth’s Seasons The poles have changes in temperature, but still very cold The poles have six months of sunlight and six without

13. El Nino and La Nina Pages 158 – 159 How does El Nino affect climate in the US? What about La Nina?

14. Climatic Changes Page 160 What causes climate change? –Catastrophic events –Short or long-term changes in the sun’s output –Changes in Earth’s movement in space –Movement of Earth’s plates

15. Catastrophic Events Solids and liquids can enter the atmosphere naturally or by humans through pollution Natural ways particles can enter the atmosphere include: –Meteorite collisions –Volcanic eruptions –Soot from fires –Wind erosion of soil particles

16. Catastrophic Events The particles can block solar radiation and cause a cooling of the planet Page 170

17. Energy from the Sun If the output of radiation from the sun changes, so would the Earth’s climate Related to sunspots – dark spots on the surface of the sun The more sunspots, the warmer the weather Page 161

18. Earth Movements Earth’s axis is currently tilted 23.5 degrees Earth’s axis is sometimes tilted more or less than normal –When the axis is titled more there is a greater difference between summer and winter

19. Crustal Plate Movement The movement of continents and oceans affects the transfer of heat on Earth Affects wind and precipitation patterns These patterns can change climates Page 162 – growth of the Himalayas

20. Exit Slip Complete the exit slip using your notes!