1. Business Opportunities Rajiv Doshi Member, ASEI SoCal Chapter Consultant Suresh Chandnani President, ASEI Florida Chapter Vice President, SRC Services International, Inc.

2. Water/Sanitation Issues in India A 2003 world water development report of the United Nations has categorised India among the worst countries for poor quality of water The Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world, with three times as many bacteria from human waste as the global average. These rivers also have 20 times more lead than those of the industrialised countries, says the report WHO/UNICEF, 2003 World Resources Institute, 2003

3. Sources of Unsanitary Conditions Open urination/defecation Household waste on streets and in sewers Other waste on streets and in sewers Industrial Waste in open areas Medical Waste in open areas Poor drinking water quality

4. Areas of Oppportunity Bathrooms – 700 Million people in average family of 5 = 140M households – For basic needs, average cost ~ $100/household => at least $15B over the next 5-10 years – To reach developed nation status requires at least $1000/household => at least $140B over the next 10-30 years Solid Waste – Opportunity in the tens to hundreds of billions of dollars over the next 10-30 years Water/Sewer Treatment – Opportunity in the tens of billions of dollars over the next 10-30 years India has 16 percent of the world's population, 2.5 percent of the land mass and 4 percent of the world's water resources => Conserve, Reuse, Recycle

5. Bathrooms Other Areas Water, sewer, electrical lines, and connections Treatment process and chemicals Water Recycle Composting and fertilizer Sanitaryware (Toilets, basins, tiles) Fixtures/Fittings Toilet and bath structures and materials (Cement, bricks, Plumbing)

6. Solid Waste Landfill (Ordinary, Industrial Waste) Construction Operation Maintenance Transport Final Sorting & Recycling Initial Sorting & Separation Incinerator Medical waste Special waste Composting/Fertilizer Generation Foodstuff & other organic waste Leaves, branches, etc. Bio-degradable Inert Recyclable Breakdown by Weight (Ref. 1) “The market for Indian waste management is currently around Rs 20,280 crore.” ($5B). “India is likely to be one of the biggest producers of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the next 5-10 years.” (Ref 1) Ref. 1: Sasidhar Chidanamarri, Frost & Sullivan, economictimes.indiatimes.com, Dec.18, 2007

7. Sewer/Water Treatment Wastewater treatment plants and disposal of effluent Wastewater storage and recycling plants Sewer system construction and covering Sewerage treatment systems and disposal Plant Control Systems Software The total Indian water market is worth more than $1 billion - consisting of approximately one-third for water provisioning, one-third for municipal water treatment and one-third for industrial water treatment. The overall water market is growing at 15-20 percent per annum. (Ref: Dr. Uday Lal Pai, InvestorIdeas.com, Aug 7, 2006)

8. Other Areas to be Impacted Engineers Program Managers Consultants Contractors Accountants Educators Media Consultants and Providers

9. Where Will The Money Come From? End Users Consumers Commerce & Industry Central and local govt organizations Private and For-Profit Organizations – Venture capitalists – Existing companies entering/expanding in market – Consortium of companies for big projects, e.g. bridge in Kolkata – Private-public partnerships Government Non-profits & charities

10. Creating the Market Consumer Awareness/Public Campaigns Hygiene Education Business Differentiation, e.g. Reliance gas stations Regulations Entrepreneurship encouragement Public-private partnerships Incubation Assistance Organization, e.g. Ashoka

11. Conclusions Large opportunities exist for sanitation in India over the next 30 years The opportunities are spread across a wide set of technical and business areas The timing may be just right for entrepreneurs