1. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by This session looks at transit and influx management and different transit facilities Transit and influx management Macedonia FYR, 1999

2. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by This session will present an understanding of: 1.transit and influx management 2.transit facilities Session objectives !

3. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by This session will present an understanding of: 1.transit and influx management 2.transit facilities Session objectives !

4. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Overview of transit facilities way stations transit centres reception centres The network of transit facilities usually comprises: direction of flight host families rural self- settlement urban self- settlement collective centres self-settled camps planned camps

5. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Transit is the process whereby displaced populations move from a border, front line or hazardous area to a safer location While in transit, displaced populations will require: medical screening, first aid, inoculation and quarantine water and food transport assistance for vulnerable individuals and groups registration and documentation including asylum seekers support in identifying appropriate transitional settlement options during displacement Supporting transit enables the humanitarian community to: identify vulnerable individuals and groups develop a better understanding of the population initiate influx management Transit

6. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Influx management requires accurate and timely information on the size, position and composition of populations as they displace Adequate influx management makes it possible to: prepare for the reception of the displaced population ensure that sufficient capacity exists within one or more transitional settlement option inform displaced population groups about appropriate transitional settlement options phase shelter and NFIs provisions to match arrival phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 camps can be supported in phases, to match influx rates Influx management: introduction Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations (Corsellis and Vitale, 2005)

7. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Transit is often disrupted by bottlenecks forming due to: families regrouping changes in security situations changes in risk from natural hazards communities making a collective decision to move together community members undertaking reconnaissance prompting the movement together of groups Transit and the management of the influx may be improved by: requesting an increase in resources requesting support from other organisations improving field communication and coordination planning for the future upgrade of emergency facilities including support to the faster and more flexible dispersed options for transitional settlement Transit and influx management: planning

8. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Transit and influx management requires ongoing assessment of: the rate of influx the size of the displaced population the likely size of the population in transit the disaster situation and how this may change over time likely variations in the rate of influx and size of the displaced population Transit and influx management: assessment

9. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by This session will present an understanding of: 1.transit and influx management 2.transit facilities Session objectives !

10. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by International refugee law and UNHCR guidelines should be applied when affected populations have been displaced across an international border, whether due to natural disaster or conflict For internally displaced populations, ‘Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement’ (UN/OCHA, 2004, also called Deng’s Principles) should be referenced in order to: identify the rights and guarantees relevant to protection of the internally displaced in all phases of displacement provide valuable practical guidance to governments, other competent authorities, intergovernmental organisations and NGOs in their work with internally displaced persons Standards and law Reference should also be made to the: ‘Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons’ (Global Protection Cluster Working Group, 2007) Handbook for Emergencies (UNHCR, 2007) www.unhcr.org www.unocha.org www.humanitarianreform.org

11. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by When selecting a site for transit facilities consider: A.protection and security B.exposure to hazards C. the location of facilities to serve as many people as possible D.access to clean water E.adequacy of sanitation and services F.accessibility to roads, rails, ports and airports for supply Facilities: site selection Guatemala, 2005

12. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by People may remain in transit facilities for longer periods of time if they are: waiting for families or communities to re-group unsure about the security and risk situation in front unsure about the security and risk situation behind unsure about shelter and settlement options in front Each facility should be organised into an efficient system of arrival, separating any vehicular traffic from pedestrians preliminary or full registration, including health screening support, including dry or cooked rations onward movement, including transport for vulnerables Facilities: contingency planning

13. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by site primary criteria expected duration of stay security good access (road, port, airport) availability of water, good drainage (minimum 2% slope) adequate conditions for sanitation 2–5 days, high turnover rate fencing should be installed, depending on circumstances space required accommodation food preparation storage layout minimum of 3m2 per person in barracks or long houses subdivided for groups or families e.g. an 85m2 tent can accommodate 14–25 persons approximately 100m2 per 500 persons 150–200m3 per 1,000 persons arrival and departure zones separated from accommodation zones Facilities: standards Handbook for Emergencies (UNHCR, 2007) www.unhcr.org

14. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by water supply water supply per person7 liters each per day minimum for survival, 15 20 if possible plus water required for kitchens, cleaning, and sanitation sanitation maximum no. per latrine maximum no. per shower 20 persons 50 persons other facilities equipment health administration lighting, public address system a health post should be present office and staff accommodation Facilities: standards Handbook for Emergencies (UNHCR, 2007) www.unhcr.org

15. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Way stations are service points between overnight accommodation facilities, located at a distance that it takes to walk for approximately half a day They should provide food and drink to displaced people en route, but they are not intended to offer overnight accommodation Facilities should include support to the following services: A. preliminary health screening B.clean water and sanitation C.dry rations, such as high-protein biscuits D.preliminary registration or counting of the number of people E.transport for people unable to travel onward unaided F.shaded assembly areas with water and sanitation Way stations, daytime support Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations (Corsellis and Vitale, 2005) www.sheltercentre.org

16. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Way station: example from conflict or natural disaster to transitional settlement G G S assembly area facilities: -registration -health check -dry ration distribution departure area G latrines guard dry rations tap stand assembly areas S storage check point

17. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Transit centres provide support and overnight accommodation There is usually one complete day’s walk between one transit centre and another, or between a transit centre and a reception centre Facilities should include support to the following services: A. preliminary medical screening B. clean water and sanitation C. dry rations or cooked food D. preliminary registration E.overnight accommodation F.large shaded assembly areas with water and sanitation Transit centres, overnight support Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations (Corsellis and Vitale, 2005) www.sheltercentre.org USA, 2005

18. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Transit centre: example to transitional settlement G G S FP G latrines guard cooked food tap stand assembly areas S storage assembly area facilities: -registration -basic medical screening -food distribution -overnight accommodation departure area G space for overnight accommodation food prepFP check point from conflict or natural disaster

19. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Reception centres act as an entry point to the transitional settlement options. They are located in secure areas, at least 50km from an international border or the front line of conflict. They should be planned to receive all displaced persons, and not just those entering planned camps. Facilities should include support to the following services: A. full medical screening, including inoculation B.full registration, to determine status and any vulnerability C. issue of ration cards D. distribution of food and non-food items E. wider assistance and social services F. allocation of a plot of land or room if transitional settlement is offered in a camp or collective centre Reception centres, upon reaching safety Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations (Corsellis and Vitale, 2005) www.sheltercentre.org Syria, 2006

20. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Reception centre: example to transitional settlement G G S FP assembly area facilities: -full registration -full medical screening -food and NFI distribution -overnight accommodation departure area space for overnight accommodation G G latrines guard cooked food tap stand assembly areas S storage food prepFP check point from conflict or disaster

21. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by From the reception centre the displaced population will move on to one of the 6 options for transitional settlement Transitional settlement options Host families Urban self-settlement Rural self-settlement Collective centres Self-settled camps Planned camps dispersed grouped Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations (Corsellis and Vitale, 2005)

22. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by In pairs, discuss how different hazards impact transit and influx conflict cyclone earthquake flood fire volcano landslide tsunami Discussion Key point 10 mins Each pair agrees a key point Discussion in pairs

23. Shelter Training 08b – Belgium, 16 th –18 th November, 2008 based on content developed by Bibliography ‘Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations (Corsellis and Vitale, 2005) ‘Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement’ (UN/OCHA, 1998) ‘Handbook for Emergencies’ (UNHCR, 2007)