1. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective drawing provides a sketch with the illusion of realistic depth Computer programs have simplified this process, but you should know how to hand-draw in perspective

2. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Principles of Perspective Based on the following terminology: Foreshortening – Representing the lines of an object as shorter than they are in order to give the illusion of proper relative size Vanishing point – The point on the horizon to which a set of parallel lines recedes Horizon line – A line in a perspective drawing representing the meeting of the earth and sky; normally drawn parallel to the top or bottom edge of the paper

3. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Foreshortening at work Vanishing point Principles of Perspective

4. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. To draw an accurate perspective sketch you must know… 1.The distance from the observer to the object being drawn 2.The height of the observer’s eye above the object being drawn 3.The size and shape of the object Principles of Perspective

5. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. More to know… Relative position of the object in relation to a vertical plane that is placed between the observer and the object Principles of Perspective

6. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. The vertical plane in various theatre spaces shifts… Principles of Perspective

7. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Creating a Perspective Drawing Observation point Floor line: The base of the vertical plane in a perspective drawing; for a proscenium sketch, usually drawn across the stage in contact with the downstage edge of the proscenium arch; in a thrust drawing, normally placed just outside the auditorium end of the thrust; in an arena sketch, usually placed in the aisle closest to the observer

8. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Creating a Perspective Drawing

9. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise Steps: A Start with this drawing as your base

10. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise Steps: B Establish vanishing points for AB / DC and AD / BC

11. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise Steps: C Contact the perspective- view base line – establishes perspective view of the object

12. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise Steps: D Find the perspective view of the AB line & point A 1

13. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise Steps: E Find the location of point B 1

14. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise Steps: F Find the perspective view of the AD line & point D 1

15. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise Steps: G Find the location of point C 1

16. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise Steps: H Complete the view

17. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Review of the Perspective Procedure All drawings are made on a basic grid composed of four lines

18. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. The vanishing point is determined by extending (from OP) a line parallel to the ground plan view of that particular line until it intersects the floor line. From intersection, a vertical line is dropped until it intersects the horizon line Review of the Perspective Procedure

19. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Any point in contact with the floor line is unaffected by the laws of perspective A line parallel to the line of vision can be dropped from that point to the perspective- view base line Review of the Perspective Procedure

20. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. A perspective view of a line can be established by extending a line from the pint of contact with the perspective-view base line to a vanishing point for that particular line Review of the Perspective Procedure

21. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. To find the location of any point on the perspective view of a line, draw a sight line from the observation point (OP) to the ground plan view of that point From the point of intersection between the sight line and the floor, drop a vertical line until it intersects the extended line Review of the Perspective Procedure

22. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. After all the perspective points have been located using these techniques, connect those points to provide a perspective view of the object Review of the Perspective Procedure

23. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective Exercises Exercise 1 Scale: ¼” = 1’-0” OP: 36’-0” right and 8’-0” up 1 Floor Line: 20’-0” from OP Horizon Line: 3’-0” from OP Perspective-view base line: extends horizontally through OP Object being drawn: an 8’-0” square resting on the stage floor with its sides at a 45-degree angle to the floor line and the near corner (A) in contact with the floor line at the line of vision

24. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 1

25. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective Exercises Exercise 2 Scale: ¼” = 1’-0” OP: 36’-0” right and 8’-0” up Floor Line: 22’-0” from OP Horizon Line: 7’-0” from OP Perspective-view base line: extends horizontally through OP Object being drawn: a flat 6’-0” by 10’-0” with its sides at a 45- degree angle to the floor line. The near corner (A) is in contact with the floor line and 7’-0” to the left of the intersection between the line of vision and the floor line

26. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 2

27. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective Exercises Exercise 3 Scale: ¼” = 1’-0” OP: 50’-0” right and 8’-0” up Floor Line: 23’-0” from OP Horizon Line: 8’-0” from OP Perspective-view base line: extends horizontally through OP Object being drawn: a platform 8’-0” square by 3’-6” high is placed on the stage with its sides forming 30- and 60- degree angles with the floor line. Corner A is in contact with the floor line and 12’-0” to the left of the intersection of the floor line and the line of vision

28. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 3

29. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective Exercises Exercise 4 Scale: ¼” = 1’-0” OP: 40’-0” right and 10’-0” up Floor Line: 20’-0” from OP Horizon Line: 8’-0” from OP Perspective-view base line: extends horizontally through OP Object being drawn: a small flat, 6’-10” by 10’-0”, lying on the stage floor with its sides at a 45-degree angle to the floor line. The near corner A is 4’-6” to the left of the intersection between the floor line and the line of vision and 2’-6” upstage of it

30. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 4

31. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective Exercises Exercise 5 Scale: ¼” = 1’-0” OP: 36’-0” right and 8’-0” up Floor Line: 20’-0” from OP Horizon Line: 3’-0” from OP Perspective-view base line: extends horizontally through OP Object being drawn: a large rectangular ceiling flat, 10’-10” by 14’-0”, lying on the stage floor with its longer side parallel with, and 2’-0” upstage from, the floor line. Notice the floor line has been placed at the outer face of the proscenium arch to facilitate your creating a perspective drawing of the arch – Dimensions – 32’-0” wide, 16’-0” high, 1’-0” thick

32. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 5A

33. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 5B

34. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective Exercises Exercise 6 Scale: ¼” = 1’-0” OP: 36’-0” right and 6’-0” up Floor Line: 22’-0” from OP Horizon Line: 6’-0” from OP Perspective-view base line: extends horizontally through OP Proscenium arch: 16’-0” high, 36’-0” wide, and 1’-0” thick Object being drawn: a full stage setting

35. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 6

36. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective Exercises Exercise 7 Scale: ¼” = 1’-0” OP: 36’-0” right and 4’-0” up Floor Line: 20’-0” from OP Horizon Line: 6’-0” from OP Perspective-view base line: extends horizontally through OP Proscenium arch: 16’-0” high, 32’-0” wide, and 1’-0” thick Objects being drawn: a very simple set with 14’-0” walls, a 7’-0” door, a sofa, a chair, a table, and a rug. Sofa = 6’-0” long, 2’-6” deep, and 3’-0” high. Wingback chair = 3’-0” wide, 3’-0” deep, and 4’-0” high. The table is 2’-0” square and 3’-0” high.

37. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 7

38. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. When drawing furniture in a box… 1.Draw a box the height, width, and depth of the overall dimensions 2.Sketch the furniture on the faces of the box 3.‘Uncrate’ the furniture by erasing the box

39. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective Exercises Exercise 8 Scale: ¼” = 1’-0” OP: 36’-0” right and 6’-0” up Floor Line: 15’-0” from OP (Note floor line is placed 2’-0” toward the audience from the edge of the stage… Horizon Line: 8’-0” from OP Perspective-view base line: extends horizontally through OP Proscenium arch: 16’-0” high, 32’-0” wide, and 1’-0” thick Objects being drawn: a scenic design for an arena production

40. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 8

41. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Perspective Exercises Exercise 9 Scale: ¼” = 1’-0” OP: 24’-0” right and 14’-0” up Floor Line: 25’-0” from OP (Note that the paper has been turned 90 degrees and the floor line is located just in front of the front edge of a thrust stage… Horizon Line: 7’-0” from OP Perspective-view base line: extends horizontally through OP Proscenium arch: 16’-0” high, 32’-0” wide, and 1’-0” thick Objects being drawn: a scenic design for a thrust production – the flats are 14’-0” tall and the doors are 6’-9”

42. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 9 A

43. Theatrical Design and Production Chapter 21: Perspective Drawing © 2006 McGraw-Hill. All right reserved. Exercise 9 B